Investigación

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Documentos generados por los docentes e investigadores de la Universidad en su labor de investigación científica producida o editada por los departamentos y centros de la Universitat Politècnica de València.

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Analysis of an ultrafiltration model: Influence of operational conditions
(Elsevier, 2012-01-04) Vincent Vela, Maria Cinta; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Alvarez Blanco, Silvia; Lora García, Jaime; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy
Ultrafiltration is a widely used technique to remove hazardous pollutants from wastewaters. As ultrafiltration is a dynamic process, non steady-state UF models have been widely investigated and described in the literature. The main equations of most dynamic models found in the literature can be rearranged and simplified into a linear equation. In this work, experimental results from UF tests were expressed in terms of TMP2/J(P)(2) as a function of time to check linearity. Transmembrane pressure (TMP), feed concentration (FC), temperature and crossflow velocity (CFV) were varied during the experiments. The feed consisted in an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol of 35 kg/mol molecular weight. The experimental results confirmed a linear relationship when TMP2/J(P)(2) was plotted vs. time. For severe fouling conditions, the linearity found when plotting experimental values of initial membrane fouling resistance vs. TMP was very high. A linear correlation between the initial membrane fouling resistance and the temperature was also found for the experimental conditions tested. However, it was found that, above 25 degrees C, increasing temperature did not result in a noticeable reduction of the gel layer resistance. The quotient r(c)/r(g) as a function of TMP and CFV was also evaluated to check if it followed any pattern. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Analysis of fouling resistances under dynamic membrane filtration
(Elsevier, 2011-04) Vincent Vela, Maria Cinta; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Alvarez Blanco, Silvia; Lora García, Jaime; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia
The mechanisms of fouling in the ultrafiltration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are analysed using the complete blocking and the intermediate blocking Hermia's models adapted to crossflow filtration. The parameters of these models were theoretically estimated. The predicted results were compared with experimental data. Ultrafiltration experiments were performed with Carbosep M2 monotubular ceramic (Orelis, S.A. (France)). The fouling ultrafiltration experiments were carried out at a constant temperature and feed concentration and different feed flow rates and transmembrane pressures. The precision in the predictions is very high. The results showed that the phenomenon controlling fouling was intermediate blocking for high fouling conditions. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Estudio del proceso de nanofiltración para la desmineralización del lactosuero dulce
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008-05-06T11:43:45Z) Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Alcaina Miranda, María Isabel; Soriano Costa, Enrique
En la presente tesis se estudia la viabilidad de un tratamiento por tecnologías de membranas para desmineralizar un lactosuero dulce procedente de una industria quesera de la Comunidad Valenciana. Como técnica de tratamiento se estudia el proceso de nanofiltración para eliminar las sales minerales de la lactosa, si bien previamente se lleva a cabo la eliminación de las proteínas por ultrafiltración. Tanto las proteínas como la lactosa se pueden emplear como ingredientes en una gran variedad de productos. Los ensayos de membranas han sido realizados tanto en configuración plana como en arrollamiento en espiral en una planta diseñada por el Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, que permite operar con ambos tipos de módulos. Para la determinación de todos los componentes implicados en el proceso se emplean diversas técnicas analíticas como absorción atómica, espectrofotometría de UV-Vis, cromatografía iónica, etc. Los ensayos del proceso de nanofiltración se realizan tanto con disoluciones modelo de suero como con suero dulce real. Los ensayos mediante disoluciones modelo, se llevan a cabo con las membranas comerciales NF200, NF270, Ds-5 DK y Ds-5 DL. De todas ellas, la membrana NF200 es la que muestra mayores densidades de flujo e índices de rechazo, mientras que la membrana Ds-5 DL es la que muestran los valores más bajos. Sin embargo, ambas son susceptibles de utilizarse en el proceso de desmineralización, por lo que son seleccionadas para estudiar su comportamiento con el suero real. Las densidades de flujo obtenidas con las membranas NF200 y Ds-5 DL en los ensayos con el suero real, no muestran diferencias significativas entre si, si bien los índices de rechazo más altos corresponden a la membrana la NF200. Mientras que los valores de densidad de flujo del ión cloruro para las membranas NF200 y Ds-5 DL corresponden a 9,9 g/m2h y 32,42 g/m2h respectivamente. Para mejorar las tasas de desmineralización obtenidas por concentración con la membrana Ds-5 DL, s
Evaluation of cleaning efficiency of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by BSA using FTIR–ATR as a tool
(Elsevier, 2015-10) Luján Facundo, María José; Mendoza Roca, José Antonio; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Alvarez Blanco, Silvia; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
The goal of this paper was to study the cleaning of two polyethersulfone (PES) membranes of different molecular weight and fouled with BSA solution. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were tested in a flat sheet module. Fouling experiments were carried out at a transmembrane pressure of 2 bar and cross flow velocity of 2 m/s during 2 h. Cleaning experiments were performed at 1 bar and 2.2 m/s. To compare the efficiency of different cleaning solutions (NaOH and P3-Ultrasil 115), quantification of residual pro-teins on the membrane was carried out by FTIR ATR. To have a better understanding of the cleaning pro-cess, characteristics of the feed solution and of the membranes were considered and contact angle of the membranes before and after the cleaning was measured. Membrane resistances were also calculated at the different stages. Results from resistances showed that reversible fouling prevail over irreversible fouling for both membranes. P3-Ultrasil 115 was a better cleaning agent than NaOH solution since cleaning efficiencies (CE) of 100% for both membranes were achieved for P3-Ultrasil 115 solution. Residual pro-teins on the membrane after the cleaning were measured both by FTIR ATR and Pierce-BCA method. Results showed that 100% of permeability recovery did not imply the complete BSA removal from the membrane. However, these measurements corroborated that P3-Ultrasil 115 had removed a higher amount of proteins than NaOH solution.
Reactive dyes rejection and textile effluent treatment study using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes
(Elsevier, 2012-07-03) Aouni, A.; Fersi, C.; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Bes Piá, Mª Amparo; Alcaina Miranda, María Isabel; Dhahbi, M.; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes were used to treat synthetic reactive dyes aqueous solutions and a raw textile effluent supplied from rinsing baths of Spanish textile industry. The influence of the reactive dyes molecular weights and the effect of the used membranes types and cut-offs were investigated with regard to the permeate flux at different transmembrane pressures (2 7 bar for UF and 4 15 bar or NF). The extent of colour retention, COD and conductivity was determined in order to monitor the membrane's separation efficiencies aiming at waste water treatment, water reuse and chemical usage minimisation. High COD retentions (80 100%) were achieved using UF and NF processes. Good conductivity rates (80%) and high COD and colour retention rates (>90%) were obtained for both NF 200 and NF 270 membranes for all studied dyes solutions. An improvement of the rinsing wastewater quality was obtained using UF and NF processes.
Study of long term fouling on cross flow ultrafiltration
(Elsevier, 2012) Cantó Polo, Rocío Águeda; Vincent Vela, Maria Cinta; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Alvarez Blanco, Silvia; Lora García, Jaime; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy; Universitat Politècnica de València; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a membrane technique whereby water and microsolutes are separated from macromolecules. It has several applications in wastewater treatment and it is also widely used in chemical and food industries. The main disadvantage of UF is membrane fouling, which causes a decline in permeate flux with time. As permeate flux decline highly increases the operation costs, the time-dependence of permeate flux has been studied in many occasions. Most of these studies use protein aqueous solutions (bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin, cheese whey among others) as feed. However, as proteins are charged molecules, they interact with the membrane and their interactions are influenced by the pH of the solution, so the models applied to these kinds of feed solutions should include membrane-solute interaction. When using polythylene glycol (PEG) these interactions may not be considered and the models are simplified.
Study of membrane fouling using synthetic model solutions in UF and NF processes
(Elsevier, 2011-11-15) Aouni, A.; Fersi, C.; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Bes Piá, Mª Amparo; Alcaina Miranda, María Isabel; Dhahbi, M.; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental; Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación
One of the main drawbacks for the application of membranes technologies to the treatment of textile effluents is the fouling. Fouling phenomenon causes a flux decline and reduces the quality of the treated water. Previous studies have pointed at dyes that remain in the water after rinse processes, as one of the fouling agents. In this study several UF and NF membranes were tested using three synthetic reactive dyes solutions as feed streams. The influence of applied transmembrane pressure (TMP) on normalised flux, color, COD and salt retentions was studied. The extent of fouling phenomenon was evaluated in terms of filtration resistance (R s/R t ratio) and normalized flux also with TMP. The obtained results showed that R s/R t for NF and 1kDa membranes were not nearly affected by TMP, except for 10kDa one. In these cases R s/R t ratio was lower than 0.5 showing a negligible fouling phenomenon. Similar tendency was observed with the normalized flux results. For the 10kDa one, the normalized flux decreased progressively with TMP reaching a total normalized flux reduction of 60%
Ultrasonic Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membranes Fouled With BSA Solution
(Elsevier, 2013) Luján Facundo, María José; Mendoza Roca, José Antonio; Cuartas Uribe, Beatriz Elena; Alvarez Blanco, Silvia; Dpto. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ultrasounds (US) on the flux recovery of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes fouled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Chemical cleaning was carried out with NaOH solution. The effect of ultrasonic frequency in the cleaning step was evaluated. Tests were performed in a laboratory plant equipped with a flat sheet module for two membranes. The membranes used were UH030 and UP005. Results showed that the lowest US frequency was the most effective one, producing an enhancement of 9 12% in the flux recovery of the membranes. On the other hand, neither pH nor temperature proved to be significant factors on the flux recovery. The use of US technique is an effective and promising approach to clean UF membranes after being fouled with BSA solution and may have a relevant influence on the overall process efficiency

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