Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics - Vol 03, No 6 (2003)
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Artículos
- Gains from trade liberalization with imperfectly competitive world markets. A note
- Strategies on innovation in agrifood multinationals
- Analysis of European Union agriculture using Malmquist and intertemporal DEA
- Assessing the European Union Emissions Trading Directive
- Main factors explaining the participation of beef cattle farms from Navarra (Spain) in instruments aimed to products differentiation
- Business strategies and exporting behavior of agro-food firms in Spain and Catalonia
- Assessment of an alternative decoupled agricultural support scheme for cop crops: The case of irrigated farms in the Guadalquivir Valley
Reseñas
- Reseña de libro Environmental Policies for Agricultural Pollution Control
- Reseña de libro Los instrumentos económicos en la gestión del agua en la agricultura
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- PublicationBusiness strategies and exporting behavior of agro-food firms in Spain and Catalonia(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Ameur, Mehrez; Gil, José M.[EN] In an increasing globalized environment, the agrofood firms’ competitiveness becomes a strategic need for future survival. Recent changes both in agrofood markets and consumers’ habits have encouraged firms to adopt adequate managerial strategies. The objective of this paper is to determine main factors affecting the exporting behavior of the agro-food firms. Data come from the Survey on Firms Strategies (ESEE). To achieve this objective, a model has been specified and estimated taking into account the characteristics of the database. The personnel qualification, the existence of foreign capital, the existence of potential benefits in foreign market and the firm’ age are the main factors explaining the agrofood firm decision to export. On the other hand, variables denoting firm size and domestic market concentration and saturation are more important to explain export intensity.
- PublicationMain factors explaining the participation of beef cattle farms from Navarra (Spain) in instruments aimed to products differentiation(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Gómez Ramos, Almudena; Atance Muñiz, Ignacio; Iráizoz Apezteguía, Belén[EN] Beef cattle sector is readapting to increasing requirements from the demand, which looks for a differentiated product, with constant quality, in a market beginning to be dominated by great distribution companies. Mechanisms to differentiate production are been implemented in this context, co-ordinating both production and marketing processes and integrating livestock farmers into the commercial system. This paper study the relation between these mechanisms and the characteristics of the livestock systems, addressing the causes explaining the voluntary integration of farmers in them. The research area selected was the Comunidad Foral de Navarra due to the existence since more than ten years ago of the Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) «Ternera de Navarra», created to support and promote beef meat from Navarra. In addition to the PGI there also exist differentiation mechanisms represented by small private quality labels implemented by farmers. The development of a Logit model based on a survey to farmers has allowed to identify which are those variables with greater influence in the decision of integration into the PGI. Additionally, results show how this Indication is an important instrument to support some specific livestock systems trough the marketing and promotion of their production. So, the PGI can be considered as a rural development instrument that increased the added value of certain products in less favoured areas, while private labels focus on integrating greater and more intensive farms, more competitive and better adapted to market exigencies.
- PublicationGains from trade liberalization with imperfectly competitive world markets. A note(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Anania, Giovanni[EN] The paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation of the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The analytical framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are considered. In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus by intervening in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of a private firm playing the role of «pure middleman» in the world market. Then the case of a producer-owned marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown that estimates of the impact of a tariff reduction in terms of prices and volume traded obtained assuming perfect competition when this postulate does not hold, are distorted. When domestic demand and supply functions are assumed to be linear, the impact is overestimated; a ranking of the size of such distortions in the three cases analyzed is provided. When no restriction is imposed on the demand and supply functions, the error in the estimated impact of a tariff reduction involves the magnitude as well as the sign of the expected changes in prices and volume traded. Finally, it is proved that when a private firm exerts monopoly and monopsony power in the world market, both the importing and the exporting countries may well be better off if, rather than making a move towards trade liberalization, the importing country «compensates» the exporting country by means of a direct transfer.
- PublicationAnalysis of European Union agriculture using Malmquist and intertemporal DEA(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Aldaz, Natalia; Millán, Joaquín A.[EN] This paper compares two non-parametric programming techniques for the measurement of total factor productivity using panel data: Malmquist indices and an intertemporal-DEA model that allows the calculation of technology and efficiency levels bounds, assuming non-regressive technical change. Both methodologies are applied to the analysis of agricultural productivity in the European Union countries, and several important divergences between models are found. The results suggest lower productivity increases in agriculture than those found in recent literature, with different country ranking concerning productivity growth.
- PublicationAssessment of an alternative decoupled agricultural support scheme for cop crops: The case of irrigated farms in the Guadalquivir Valley(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Arriaza, Manuel; Ruiz Avilés, Pedro; Gómez-Limón, José Antonio[EN] In this paper we compare the current CAP Reform with a more market-orientated policy which allows the substitution of COP for vegetables (including potatoes). In order to reproduce farmers’ decision-making process, we first group farmers by farm size into three categories and then elicit a general utility function for each group. The elicitation of the bi-attribute utility functions, based on observed crop land allocation, does not require interaction with the farmers. The validation of the model seems to justify the methodological approach. The results regarding the alternative scheme proposed suggest that, with the same EAGGF expenditure, small and medium-sized farms in this region would benefit from this alternative scheme in terms of higher expected total gross margin, flexibility and freedom of crop choice.
- PublicationAssessing the European Union Emissions Trading Directive(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Convery, Frank J.; Redmond, Luke; Dunne, Louise; Ryan, Lisa B.[EN] The Emissions Trading scheme now (January 2003) in prospect in the European Union is likely to be the first trans-national greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world. With the participation of the European Economic Area [EEA] countries and with the forthcoming EU enlargement, 30 countries could be involved in this scheme by 2012. Under European Union law, the European Commission is responsible for making proposals, which are then decided upon by the Council of Ministers —on a «qualified majority» basis in this case— representing the 15 Member State governments, and the European Parliament. In the case of this Directive, the Commission prepared its initial proposals, which have then been scrutinised by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers.The objective of this work is to provide an assessment of the EU Emissions Trading Directive as agreed by the Council of Ministers. The agreement was reached looking at both, the characteristics and potential of this scheme. For some of the issues, there is theory and evidence to support the case made. For others, the absence of evidence means that intuition is called upon.
- PublicationReseña de libro Los instrumentos económicos en la gestión del agua en la agricultura(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Xabadia Palmada, Angels[EN] José Albiac Murillo, Editor científico Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, 2003.
- PublicationStrategies on innovation in agrifood multinationals(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Alfranca, Oscar; Rama, Ruth; von Tunzelmann, Nicholas[EN] Agrifood multinationals are usually considered the world’s most important innovators in the F&B field and fundamental agents for technological change in the Spanish agrifood sector. The innovative behaviour of agrifood multinational firms issue is interesting because 50% of technology related to food is linked to innovative activities of these kind of firms. This paper includes a survey on several subjects related to innovation in the agrifood industry, such as the economic conditions for innovation production and the persistence of innovation. The main conclusions based on empirical work with patent data are: 1. Agrifood multinationals combine technical and design innovation rather than using one type of innovation as a substitute for the other. 2. Becoming a permanent innovator is relevant for agrifood multinational firms because the stock of knowledge, which is strategically important, is cumulative. 3. Agrifood multinationals are more prone than other multinationals to globalize their R&D activities. This is particularly true for European agrifood multinationals. 4. Agrifood multinationals are multi-technology companies.
- PublicationReseña de libro Environmental Policies for Agricultural Pollution Control(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2003) Albiac Murillo, José[EN] Shortle, J. y Abler, D. (2001) CABI Publishing,Wallingford (Reino Unido), 224 págs.