Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics
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This publication aims at providing a forum for dissemination and discussion of scientific, technological and technical developments in agricultural and natural resource economics. In order to achieve these goal, the topical coverage of the Journal includes the following disciplines:
Demand Analysis
International Trade
Rural Development
Environmental Economics
Water Economics
Business Management
Marketing
Operational Research
Agricultural Policy
Production
Forest Resources
Fisheries Resources
Agro-food Systems
Land use
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- PublicationEl distintivo de calidad como indicador de seguridad alimenticia en carne de vacuno y cordero(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Sánchez, Mercedes; Sanjuán, Ana; Akl, Georges[EN] Consumers in developed countries are becoming increasingly aware of food safety, that is to say, the influence of food on human health. The public concern is deeper for those products, such as beef, that have suffered gravely from disease (BSE). In this paper, the factors that influence the decision of purchasing two products, fresh lamb and beef, are investigated. The linkage between quality labels and attributes of food safety is also studied. Finally, the conjoint analysis is used to discern differences in preferences between consumers of labelled meat and non-consumers and to estimate the marginal willingness to pay for the main attributes, in particular, for the quality label.
- PublicationIndustrialización no tradicional en municipios rurales españoles(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Rama Dellepiane, Ruth; Calatrava de Andrés, Ascensión[EN] Using unpublished data from DIRCE, Central Direction of Enterprises from the National Institute of Statistics, this article analyses the evolution of the stocks of companies in 21 processing industries in the second half of the 90s. The aim of the article is testing the hypothesis of an urban/rural shift in industrial location in Spain and in three of its regions: Andalusia, Castille-La Mancha and Catalonia. These data are checked with information provided by field research in rural municipalities of Castille-La Mancha. The study concludes that the «shift» is having place both at the national and the intra-regional levels. Given that its manifestations and rhythms are evident in different regions, one can deduce that general factors must be more important tan local factors to explain this shift. While mature industries are still major activities in rural areas, the empirical evidence shows that the «shift» is more important in basic and high-tech industries tan in traditional ones. We conclude that, paying attention to the problems of non-traditional industries in rural áreas and especially to emergent high-tech activities that have shown –against all prognostics- a special aptitude to develop in rural areas, is an urgent task.
- PublicationCrecimiento económico y exclusión social en la agricultura familiar argentina(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Lattuada, Mario; Moyano Estrada, Eduardo[EN] This article focuses on the process of economic growth that Argentina underwent during the nineties and its effects on the Pampeana region’s farming sector. Its main goal is to contribute, from a sociological point of view, to the debate on the possibilities and limitations of family agriculture to reproduce itself in a context characterized by the implementation of structural ajustement programs. Firstly, the article describes the evolution of the most important economic indicators of Pampeana farming sector during the last decade. Secondly, it points out the different elements which both provoked the deterioration of the small farmers’ incomes and increased its social and economic weakness. Thirdly, it shows the growing debtment of Pampa farmers and, consequently, the reduction of the number of farms in that region. Finally, the authors offer some ideas on the process of social exclusion of small and middle farmers in a context of open markets where the role of the State is restricted. From starting of the European experiences, they propose changes for agricultural policies to be more sensitive to the social dimension of sustainability.
- PublicationComparación de la ordenación contingente y del experimento de elección en la valoración de las funciones no privadas de los bosques(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Mogas Amorós, Joan; Riera, Pere[EN] This paper presents a comparison between two stated preference methods: the contingent ranking and the choice experiment. An empirical application is included, involving the valuation of the effects that would have a specific program to convert some agricultural land into forest land in Catalonia. The valuation exercise considers a forest recreational function, carbon storage, and erosion protection. The results show some differences between the values derived from the two methods, with the choice experiment values being significantly greater. Moreover, the differences are kept when comparing pairwise observations derived from the choice experiments with simulated pairwise observations derived from the contingent ranking.
- PublicationAnálisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Calatrava Leyva, Javier; Garrido Colmenero, Alberto[EN] The evidence available about the external effects of functioning water markets is ambiguous. While some authors have shown that water exchanges diminishes the polluting effects of irrigated agriculture, others conclude otherwise. The joint use of contaminant input taxes and the establishment of water markets gives rise to ambiguous results, because water and fertilisers are not substitutes. The objective of this paper is to examine the joint effects of establishing an hypothetical spot water market among farmers and a nitrogen tax on irrigators’ benefits, nitrogen pollution and hired external labour. Two non-linear models are formulated and developed that simulate irrigators’ behaviour and the functioning of inter-district water markets in the Guadalquivir basin. Results show that water markets would increase hired farm labour and irrigators’ surplus, though at the cost of increasing nitrates pollution. The reduction of nitrates contamination achieved by the tax is attenuated as a result of water exchanges, which in turn contribute to reduce the negative income effects caused by the nitrates tax. Water markets increase unambiguously the social benefits resulting from increasing hired labour.
- PublicationPolítica agrícola y competitividad. Efectos de sistemas alternativos de ayudas(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Atance Muñiz, Ignacio; Bardají Azcárate, Isabel; Tió Saralegui, Carlos[EN] The Agenda 2000 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) justifies public intervention in agriculture in the basis of two main objectives: increasing the competitiveness of European agriculture and its multifunctional role. This paper attends to assess the ability of the reform to address this first objective. Competitiveness is considered both as the capacity to adopt new technologies and to restructure land holdings towards those more efficient. Mathematical programming models simulating the adoption of new technologies by selected representative farms have been constructed for two Spanish agricultural areas – Tierra de Campos of Valladolid and Campiña Baja of Córdoba. The simulation has included not only Agenda 2000 and the previous intervention system, but also three alternative policy scenarios. Relative results between scenarios allow to evaluate the size of the incentive introduce by each intervention system to adopt new technologies or promote structural reforms.
- PublicationComportamiento de los sectores de la industria alimentaria desde la perspectiva de las tasas de absorción interna(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Sala Rios, Mercè[EN] The present work, analyses the evolution of nourishment industry in the spanish economy in the period of 1986-1998. The objective is reach conclusions about specialized productivity, demand and exterior interchanges. These conclusions are based on each sector. The nourisment industry is divided into twelve sectors which will be treat. Definitively, it is about to evaluate main changes in diferents sectors of market by an accounting model which considers the equality between resources and employment. The model, will allow us to bring near terms as absorption rate, opening rate, penetration rate and cover rate. These terms are connected and they will be useful supporting our reasons.
- PublicationLos derechos de propiedad en la agricultura de regadío: Su situación frente al cambio institucional(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Ortiz Miranda, Dionisio; Ceña Delgado, Felisa; Dpto. de Economía y Ciencias Sociales; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Grupo de Investigación de Economía Internacional y Desarrollo[EN] The Spanish water economy is within a process of institutional change. The development of this change will be strongly conditioned by the water property rights structure, and this structure –in the context of irrigated agriculture- is defined by a complex net of informal institutions and farmers’ perceptions. The objective of the article is to characterise these property rights –through previous desegregation of its content- in the context of Irrigation Districts of the Guadalquivir basin, in order to analyse how the new institutions could be performed in this environment. Results, based in both the analysis of formal institutions and farmers’ opinion, show (i) the lack of adaptation of new institutions to farmers’ demands, and (ii) some characteristics of the property rights structure which could hinder the institutional change.
- PublicationFormación de expectativas de precio en el sector hortofrutícola exportador del sureste español(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Galdeano Gómez, Emilio[EN] The temporal difference existing between the planning of the supply and the demand of agrarian products has caused that the theories about the formation of price expectations have a traditionally great importance in such sectors as those of vegetables and fruits. The tendency to a greater connexion between production and commercialisation in associated entities (in productive place) implies an increase of the efficiency on the use of available information to make forecats on the different variables in the market. The aim of the present study is to determine empirically the existence of price valuations, taking as a reference the production-comercialisation in the south-easterm horticultural sector of Spain, consider enterprises that sell fruits and vegetable institutions of food distribution in the framework of the European Union. For this purpuse, it has been started from the combination of traditional formulations of expectations based on retarded variables, on the one hand, and models of rational expectations, on the other. By this method is deduced the use of complementary information to the price retards; also, the relation existing between that use of information to both the degree of response of the supply regarding the fluctuations in prices and the efficiency on expectative formation is analysed.
- PublicationAnálisis bioeconómico del cultivo de dorada en Canarias y en el Mediterráneo(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Gasca-Leyva, Eucario; León, Carmelo; Hernández, Juan María; Vergara, José Manuel[EN] Aquaculture is an expanding industry, which represents an altemative to the limited fishing resources. This paper develops a bioeconomic model for the production of gilthead seabream, a species with large market potential. The model is based on a biological growth submodel, where fish growth is related to fish weight, ration size, and temperature. Random factors are introduced through the functions for temperatura and market price. A dynamic system methodology is utilised for analysing the temporal evolution of the biological and economic relationships. Since plant localisation is determined by environmental factors, and therefore has an influence on firm retums, the model is utilised for evaluating the impact of two altemative scenarios: the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. As a main conclusion, it is obtained that competitiveness in the Canaries depends on the production of 750g. extralarge size, which is not profitable in the Mediterranean sea due to large costs. The results also show increasing retums to scale, and the efficient plant capacity for the representative firm.
- PublicationEvolución económica y análisis de resultados en una muestra de explotaciones del occidente de Asturias (1993-1998)(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Pérez Méndez, José Antonio; Machado Cabezas, Ángel[EN] This research has a double aim: first, an analysis of economic evolution in a sample of 42 dairy farms from western Asturias in the period of 1993-1998, and second, a study of the final situation (1998), identifying the characteristics of the units with better economic results. To be able to do this, we study the evolution of labour productivity, the variation in the margin over concentrated feeds, the break-even point, and the added value and its distribution. The analysis of variance and the logistic regression allow us to identify the traits from farms with the highest profits in 1998, in the short and long run. The research points out the importance of a proper size in order to make indivisible factors like machinery, installations and labour profitable and the need for adequately managing all factors that determine the contribution margin per litre of milk.
- PublicationEstimación del valor del regadío a partir del precio de la tierra(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Arias, Carlos[EN] In this paper, we estimate the value of irrigated land in the province of Leon (Spain) using land prices (irrigated and non irrigated) for two different uses (crop production and pasture) in ten different districts. The value of benefits associated with irrigation can be estimated by comparing the price of an irrigated plot of land with a similar plot of non irrigated land. The logical difficulty of finding these two similar (except for water) plots of land can be overcome using regression analysis where the effect of irrigation on land prices can be estimated after controlling for other differences in the plots of land analyzed. In the present paper, using an econometric model, we estimate the average prices associated with irrigated and non irrigated land. The difference among these average prices is an estimate of the value of irrigation. The results of this paper can be used in the analysis of new irrigation projects.
- PublicationResultados económicos y riesgo en los cítricos de la Comunidad Valenciana(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Ahmed El Kamel, Helmi; García Alvarez-Coque, José María; Dpto. de Economía y Ciencias Sociales; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Grupo de Investigación de Economía Internacional y Desarrollo[EN] The purpose of this paper is to outline and adapt Sharpe's model to the agricultural activities as well as to measure the performance of crops when yield and risk are considered. The model is applied to the main varieties of citrus fruits in Valencia. For them, systematic and specific risks are measured and the yield-índex elasticities are quantified. Applying performance rates, we determine the economic yields of citrus varieties in the 1985-1997 period. In the same way, we focus on its management based on the previously outlines criteria.
- PublicationEvolución del mercado y la estructura productiva del sector lácteo español desde la integración en la CEE(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Sineiro Garcia, Francisco; Valdês Paços, Bernardo[EN] The milk quota system has increased the rate of the process of dissapearance of farms, affecting mainly to smaller size units, while at the same time it was developing a group of medium and big size, as a result of improvements taken in those farms, which are the main responsables for the increase in milk production. The viability of part of these dairy farms is under question because of a quota deficit and of reduced size and lack of sucession. The limitations derived from land availability have forced to an increased use of concentrates which reduces their ability to compete in costs. The moderate increase increase in consumption of dairy products in the spanish market and the reduction of direct sales has allowed the expansion of dairies and a increase in the deficit of external trade. The main changes in dairies have been a process of concentration resulting in the constitution of medium size groups and a increase in the share of foreing enterprises. The Agenda 2000 agreements, the existing round with the WMO and the negotiations to the UE enlargement are going to result in new changes in the milk policy, which will further affect the spanish dairy sector.
- PublicationEvolución del complejo agroalimentario de Navarra. Análisis a partir de las tablas input-output de 1980 y 1995(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Iráizoz Apezteguía, Belén; Rapun Garate, Manuel[EN] This paper analyses the agrofood system in Navarra (Spain) using the Input-Output data for 1980 and 1995. The aim is to analyse the evolution and changes taking place between the economic activities in the region. Streit, Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen´s indicators are constructed. As is usual, we have also calculated the inconme and employment multipliers. This indicators show the very important role off the agriculture and the vegetables canning industry in the regional economy.
- PublicationPrincipales determinantes de la productividad total de los factores en el sector agrario español(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Expósito Díaz, Pilar; Rodríguez González, Antón[EN] In this paper we analyse, as a whole and for the period 1970-95, the outstanding factors that explain the behaviour of total productivity in the Spanish agrarian sector. In the study, two main methods of modeling had been used: those we consider like "traditional" econometric methodology and the methodology of cointegration. We accepted the influence on the productivity, with the same results that the majority of authors which obtain equal results about this subject, and about variables like, human capital, or the expenditures in agrarian research and development; but in adition we stick out the big influence of others variables like weather conditions, the change in the own structure of productivity by the sector and the public capital.
- PublicationEspecificaciones y consideraciones muestrales en la estimación de la demanda de un espacio natural singular: Las Illas Cíes en Galicia(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) González Gómez, Manuel; Polomé, Philippe; Prada Blanco, Albino[EN] In this paper, we present estimates of several specifications of demand for a singular natural area using data from surveys on visitors and non-visitors. The estimates take into account the problems of functional form, measurement of the cost and of the demand, choosing sampling scheme, and handling the sample. Considering these alternatives allows us to select a specification of demand under improved conditions and frees us from initial restrictive hypothesis. The results in terms of prediction of demand and consumer surplus estimates are quite dissimilar, stressing the importance of comparing various specifications that encompass a range of possible options.
- PublicationCanary Island tomato exports: A stable seasonal pattern?(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2002) Martín Rodríguez, Gloria; Cano Fernández, Víctor Javier; Cáceres Hernández, José Juan[EN] This paper studies the evolution of the weekly exports of Canary Island tomatoes after the entry of Spain in the European Union. A first analysis of deterministic components reveals their instability, clearly related to changes in the EU commercial regulations of access to European markets, and the presence of many outliers due to different reasons. These factors must be considered in the study of stochastic seasonality of the series. Furthermore, it is necessary to take into account the weekly frequency data and the existence of periods without exports in order to capture its behaviour and, in particular, the nature of its seasonal component.
- PublicationQuota hopping under the Common Fishing Policy(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2002) Domínguez Torreiro, Marcos; Freijeiro Álvarez, Ana. B.; Varela Lafuente, Manuel[EN] In this article the process of property internationalisation within the fishing sector of the European Union is analysed (in particular, the strategy kwon as quota hopping, as implemented by the Spanish fishing sector). During its development a conflit has arisen in relation with the defense of the national character of the quotas allocated by the Principle of Relative Stability. The implementation of restrictive measures, e.g. the requirement of “economic links” has changed the context where agents involved in the process of internationalisation make their decisions. In our article the different strategies are analysed and the outcomes are evaluated.
- PublicationCredence attributes standards and certification. A comparison of vegetable standards(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2002) Compes López, Raúl; Dpto. de Economía y Ciencias Sociales; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Grupo de Investigación de Economía Internacional y Desarrollo[EN] European consumers are demanding more trust attributes for the safety of products and the origins or methods of the food production chain. The supply of these attributes in the optimal quantity makes it necessary and very often the participation of a third party: the government if there are externalities derived from consumption and production of these attributes, i.e. through obligatory standards, or an independent entity to certify the fulfilment of a voluntary standard. In the vegetable sector, in general, and in the fresh tomato production, in particular, the number of these obligatory norms and voluntary standards has raised considerably in the last few years. This proliferation has created a problem of information and knowledge for consumers and producers, who need to know the differences in order to decide what to do. By comparing the main voluntary standards, we see that the greatest coincidences are established in the food security chapter. Therefore, there are more demanding standards due to a greater number of fixed requirements and a higher exigency level. EUREPGAP and AENOR are the more complete standards. The first has the advantage of reducing the transaction costs between the promoting supermarkets and their vegetable suppliers and, at the same time, is becoming a barrier for selling to them.