ANUARI d’Arquitectura i Societat - No 1 (2021)

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Editorial

Prefaci. Un nou ANUARI
Editorial. Contextos Històrics

Articles de recerca

Un arquitecte espanyol a Àsia. La influència de la vida a Manila (Filipines) en l'obra d'Abelardo Lafuente
Reconstruint contextos històrics. Les ciutats alemanyes i el cas de Lübeck
Arquitectura i societat a través de l’expansió de Barcelona
Arquitectura i llar. De la postguerra a l'actualitat
La barraca valenciana. Història i recuperació d’una arquitectura resilient
Avaluació in situ de l’impacte del sistema de calefacció, ventilació i aire condicionat en les façanes d’un edifici religiós declarat Patrimoni de la Humanitat per la UNESCO
L’arquitecte Vicent Gascó i l’obra pública a San Felipe/Xàtiva (1780 – 1800)
L’experiència del Sagrat a través dels llocs rituals en l’arquitectura
Anàlisi de la memòria i la cultura a partir de la façana arquitectònica: el Facadism en el barri de Beyoğlu
El destí del patrimoni del segle XX. Investigació i accions
El paisatge cultural de les vinyes de la UNESCO i l’adaptació al canvi climàtic
Patrimoni cultural i component natural. De la revaloració a la regeneració
L’arquitectura històrica a coll: Els drets aeris i la subdivisió de l’espai
Zones militars: Un remei per a despertar a Ankara de l’amnèsia urbana
Ludwig Wittgenstein. Itinerari arquitectònic d’un filòsof analític

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Now showing 1 - 17 of 17

Arquitectura i societat a través de l’expansió de Barcelona
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Casariego, Pedro; Boixader, Jordi; Sarrablo, Vicenç; Pons, Josep María
[EN] This paper reflects on the complex relationships that are established between architecture and society. For this purpose, four situations that take place in the city of Barcelona between the beginning of the 19th century and the 60s of the 20th century are exemplified. The document aims to have a holistic vision and to provide a general perspective of the problems of relatioships of society with architecture. The aforementioned period is ideal because it chronologically links four interrelated situations. Events take place during the Barcelona’s expansion and affect the same society. The document shows a historical review that fixes its interest in social relationhips, with architecture as a point of interest.
Ludwig Wittgenstein. Itinerari arquitectònic d’un filòsof analític
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) García Nofuentes, Juan Francisco; Molinero Sánchez, Jorge Gabriel; Martínez Ramos e Iruela, Roser
[EN] The architectural condition and its connotations in other areas of culture, such as analytical philosophy, is a challenge that can be observed through the figure of the intellectual from 19th century Vienna, Ludwig Wittgenstein. His obsessive dedication, a manifest disposition in any work that occupies his time, would lead to a clear foray into the profession of architect, among other activities. His imprint was exposed in his work and perpetuated through the iconic Stonborough house, built for his sister in Vienna. In it, he will culminate a work that testifies to the mastery of interior spatial proportion, rationality and control over architectural detail to its last consequences. His masterpiece “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus” (1921), together with “Being and Time” by Martin Heidegger (1927), constitute the two referents of Western thought of the last century. In it, he investigates the exercise carried out by the philosopher, in the context of architecture. He addresses the exact representation of the world through the application of a deductive logic method, with properly ordered propositions with which to structure what for him constitutes the essential event of the architectural “fact.”
Avaluació in situ de l’impacte del sistema de calefacció, ventilació i aire condicionat en les façanes d’un edifici religiós declarat Patrimoni de la Humanitat per la UNESCO
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Williamson, Kelsey; Martinez-Molina, Antonio; Dupont, William
[EN] The maintenance of historic buildings’ optimal indoor environments for structural integrity and collections’ preservation, are inherently complex, multifaceted goals. Moreover, indoor environments do not only affect collections and building—the occupants’ satisfaction must also be considered. This research evaluates the impact of thermal and humidity problems caused by a HVAC condensing unit on a 265-year-old wall in a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the hot and humid climate of San Antonio, Texas (USA). A field investigation of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) particularly focused on the HVAC impact on a wall nearby was carried out. The case study is a unique historic settlement that includes a limestone church which reflects a similar typology to multiple religious buildings distributed across the southwestern USA. Findings of these investigations show that: i)the relocation of the HVAC condensing unit had a dramatic impact on reducing the outdoor wall temperatures and reducing the size of the interior wall moisture area; ii) the porosity of the limestone and large difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures are mainly responsible for the wall deterioration. Finally, outcomes of this article underline the negative impact of a poor intergration of active systems in historic structures, and highlights the necessity for more investigation in this topic.
Reconstruint contextos històrics. Les ciutats alemanyes i el cas de Lübeck
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Caja, Michele
[EN] The more or less plausible reconquest of the historical image built up over the centuries – violently removed by the war and the infrastructural interventions of the following decades – poses central, inescapable questions in the current debate on historical contexts and on the relationship between old and new, beyond a still too indeterminate notion of authenticity. It is precisely within this image that the reconstruction interventions in Germany, considered here as mature and conscious responses to a new reconstructive phase of historical centres, can be explained. Within the history of reconstruction, they are thus paradigmatic for the questions they raise, but also for the concrete solutions they offer, in their dialectical relationship between copy and reinterpretation. For this reason, they cannot be treated as simple cases of stylistic reconstruction, but need to be assessed as genuine projects of contemporary architecture. The revival of the minute structure of the parcellarium, which has often required the demolition of large building complexes built between the 1960s and 1980s, becomes the common denominator of these recent experiences. The mixed model adopted in these cases is based on the coexistence of Leitbauten and Neubauten – pilot buildings reconstructed in the same way as the original ones and new buildings inspired by the existing ones.
Editorial. Contextos Històrics
(2021-11-30) Cabrera Fausto, Ivan; Fenollosa Forner, Ernesto Jesús; Franquesa Sánchez, Jordi; Piqueras Blasco, Maria; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Dpto. de Mecánica de los Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras
[EN] The adequate preservation of all what is related to our history started resolutely in the 18th century, when movements such as the Age of the Enlightenment and figures such as the German historian and archeologist Johann Joachim Winckelmann consolidated the concept and structured its contents. Since then, knowledge on our past has grown relentlessly, at the same time that the awareness and commitment to preserve it and to take care of the physical matters which have witnessed events or are good evidences of them. Nowadays this adequate preservation has an utmost importance.
Arquitectura i llar. De la postguerra a l'actualitat
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Bujella Bueno, Clara
[EN] The work is structured from individual experience and each part corresponds to a stage in the life of the two protagonists, Francisco and Maria. The center will be them and their home, how this has evolved while circumstances changed and with what mechanisms have been adapting it to their needs. At the same time, his subjective account is contextualized and complemented with objective information and data extracted from the relevant research that, together, reconstruct a part of the history of Barcelona and its metropolitan area.
L’experiència del Sagrat a través dels llocs rituals en l’arquitectura
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Rugino, Salvatore
[EN] The social and spatial structures, the code as well as the languages recognized and created by the masters of the past are no longer adequate in our present time. Belonging to these structures today is no longer associated with the community but with the network.
Prefaci. Un nou ANUARI
(2021-11-30) Cabrera Fausto, Ivan; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Dpto. de Mecánica de los Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras
[EN] Readers hold in their hands the first issue of the new research journal “ANUARI d’Arquitectura i Societat”, published jointly by Universitat Politècnica de València Press and the Borriana Cultural Association. Its name announces to the scientific community the publication of just an issue per year. But it is mostly a tribute to another publication which now concludes its journey, being this new ANUARI a proud heir of it.
La barraca valenciana. Història i recuperació d’una arquitectura resilient
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Rosaleny Gamón, Marcel·lí; Dpto. de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura
[EN] The Valencian barracks constitute one of the living examples of vernacular Mediterranean architecture. Throughout history, they have been a part of the social reality in the Valencian Community as a reflection of its inhabitants, their professions and their way of understanding and exploiting the land. Although this architecture reached its maximum expansion in the 19th century, the barrack started to be replaced during the 20th century due to many social and economic changes. Currently, only a few examples are still preserved, a disappearance explained mainly due to the loss of use. Nevertheless, the resilient capacity of the vernacular architecture could turn into a fundamental tool in the recovery, providing new uses to the barracks that could assure the survival of this architectural heritage that preserves a large part of the popular constructive knowledge of Valencian people and that represents an example for the future of sustainable architecture which is a result of its surroundings and its existing resources.
L’arquitecte Vicent Gascó i l’obra pública a San Felipe/Xàtiva (1780 – 1800)
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Pascual Montell, Vicente Gabriel
[EN] During the last decades of the eighteenth century, the Valencian architect and academic Vicent Gascó Masot (1734 – 1802) designed different works for the city of Xàtiva (Valencia), renamed at the time as Colonia Nueva de San Felipe. His actions give a good account of the needs related to urban planning and public works of a populous urban nucleus at the end of the Old Regime, and of the control exercised on said aspects from the academic and governmental instances. Similarly, these works can be interpreted as significant pieces in Gascó’s architectural production, representative of his way of doing in the dual facet of academic architect (bridges of the Montesa river and Carnssers cliff, portes del Lleó and the Banys) and expert in hydraulic (siphon of the Santa irrigation canal). In the following pages we try to approach the knowledge of these works from these two prisms.
Zones militars: Un remei per a despertar a Ankara de l’amnèsia urbana
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Oztoprak, Zelal; Çağlar, Nur
[EN] The historical context of Ankara is relatively complex due to the breaking points in its history. First, Ankara became the showcase of the newly established Turkish Republic and a new city center designed in isolation with the old one to represent the modernity of the Republic. Second, with the 1980 coup and expansion of the military zones, the new city center expanded unplanned and unexpected. Last, after the coup attempt in 2016, the large military zones in the city center are decided to be relocated to the city’s peripheries. This study points out the importance of this recent decision on the historical landscape of Ankara and proposes that it could be a potential for repairing the urban memory of the city. According to these massive changes, Ankara lost many of her historical references and the continuity of the urban memory. In this context, this paper thoroughly discusses the remaking of military zones in the city center, their historical presence, and possible interactions with the city’s needs. Understanding these areas as potential catalysts for repairing the historical landscape requires developing a new perspective, which embraces complex relations and multiple voices. Dialogic and polyphonic thinking encompasses the city’s inherent multiplicity, relationality, incompleteness, and historical assets.
Un arquitecte espanyol a Àsia. La influència de la vida a Manila (Filipines) en l'obra d'Abelardo Lafuente
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Leonardo Pérez, Alvaro
[EN] This paper analyzes how moving to a different continent and cutting themselves from the predominant atmosphere in Spain during the 19th century influenced in the lives and professional careers of the two Abelardo Lafuente hereby presented. It also focuses on how the way of life in the same country but in such a distant overseas province could also have an influence not only on personal and professional decisions, but also in the architecture designed there displaying the most acknowledged styles of their origins. This decision transcends at least two generations, and the architectonic interests of the forefather became the formal grounds of the unbelievable professional career of his son, who has exactly the same name and who will be the first and only Spanish architect in China in the 20th century. His unknown career in China is founded on his youth time in Spanish Manila. Likewise, his professional origins date back to the American Manila fostered by the success of his father who arrived to the islands as forest engineer and ends up as interim city architect two years before the loss of the colony.
El paisatge cultural de les vinyes de la UNESCO i l’adaptació al canvi climàtic
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Raffa, Alessandro
[EN] Viticulture has been particularly sensitive to climate changes throughout human history, building cultural landscapes of extraordinary beauty and highly adaptative to changes. But today, due to anthropogenic contribution, climate change is and will affect traditional vineyard cultural landscapes too, particularly those spread around the Mediterranean basin. The present acceleration to change and the need to adapt, is also challenging UNESCO and its advisory bodies positions, policies and conservation practices. In this shifting theoretical and operational framework, UNESCO vineyard cultural landscape have been investigated to understand the present on-field approach to climate adaptation. Particularly, it appears interesting the case study of UNESCO Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene that makes explicitly reference in its Management Plan to climate change as a threat. Through the identified case study and the advances in climate cultural heritage discourse, the contribution intends to open a reflection on UNESCO vineyard cultural landscapes’ adaptation to climate change, identifying some guidelines that could inform future adaptation process. At the end, an ongoing methodological experimentation of people-centered cultural mapping for adaptation project inside the Hills of Prosecco will be presented, stressing the urgency for more research on UNESCO vineyard cultural landscape.
Anàlisi de la memòria i la cultura a partir de la façana arquitectònica: el Facadism en el barri de Beyoğlu
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Karabetca, Aliye Rahsan; Sav, Sedef
[EN] İstanbul owns a historical texture rich in architecture, culture, and memory, which are seen in very few metropolises. This city, which has undergone many changes due to social, political, and cultural reasons, has begun to lose its many important values day by day. The biggest reason for this is that the city is culturally vibrant, so that it is desired to be transformed into a source of political income. However, solutions that will strengthen the current situation of İstanbul as a whole and ensure its continuation on solid foundations should be determined and implemented. In this study, Beyoğlu district is considered as the pilot area, one of the rare regions that this wealth has survived to the present day. The first aim of this study is to determine the reasons and purposes for the unnecessary reconstructions of historical buildings located in Beyoğlu, far from their original look, so-called facadism. The second aim of this study is to identify the changes made on the facades in terms of culture and memory and propose suggestions by using photographing, literature review, and analysis with collage methods. In the study, three of the selected four buildings are located on İstiklal street, the other one on Sıraselviler street, two places where the rapid structural/architectural identity transformation in the last 15-20 years can be seen most clearly. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the functions of historical buildings are being degenerated. Their facades are only kept as masks, and the architectural memory is devolved in this way.
Patrimoni cultural i component natural. De la revaloració a la regeneració
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Bartorila, Miguel Ángel; Loredo-Cansino, Reina
[EN] The heritage value of Latin American historic centres is well known and the policies to preserve them have dramatically increased in the last quarter of the 20th century. However, the difference between cultural and natural heritage commonly overlaps the value of urban architecture on natural spaces. This has meant that the vulnerability for the environment of historic centres in Latin American specifically in Mexico, has lost importance in the face of preserving the built heritage. Historic studies can contribute to relevant data for reassessing the relation between the city/ natural component in the shaping of pre -Hispanic and colonial urban spaces in historic centres. Taking as a case study the historic centre of Santiago de Querétaro, México, this paper aims to firstly, incite a debate regarding the necessary integration of the natural on the heritage value of historic centres from the review of archival documentation, cartography and planning tools.
El destí del patrimoni del segle XX. Investigació i accions
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Franco, Giovanna; Musso, Stefano Francesco
[EN] 20th Century Architecture is an Heritage at risk, mostly caused by abandonment, degradation, underestimation. Nevertheless, the increase of interest and expansion of Heritage leads us to question the values that even the most recent architecture acquires, and therefore, its eventual need of protection. There is a need of a process of understanding and of selection, based on criteria shared by the largest community. This was the main goal of national and international reserches here presented concerning the architectural production of the 20th Century. The observation of single constructions and urban complexes, that are very close to us in time, leads to reflect on their meanings and values highlighting the essential problem of placing them in history. The more the heritage is the result of recent episodes, the more we perceive it as inserted in a processing dimension, of simultaneity of events and actions – almost like the news - which tend to legitimize any form of change, in a perspective linked to its contemporary condition. Research has let the richness of this inheritance emerge, in significance and value, focusing the attention from the simple materiality of the buildings to the possible modes and forms of their more total and mature interpretation.
L’arquitectura històrica a coll: Els drets aeris i la subdivisió de l’espai
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-11-30) Karle, David
[EN] The once iconic centerpieces of our urban cores are being forgotten amidst the shadows of new construction, calling the life and death cycle of these landmark buildings into question. If a modernising city wishes to densify their land-poor cities they must look up and consider the air above existing buildings as buildable space. By reconsidering the untouched nostalgia inherent in our traditional notions of preservation, designers must challenge the use of airspace above landmark historic buildings. As culture, society, and our environment continually evolve, how do we preserve history while also bringing it into the future? This question can be answered by making contextually conscious use of valuable air space above historic buildings and is exemplified in a in a design research prototype for the 1904 Grand Manse in the state of Nebraska, USA, that applies architectural research methods while negotiating local zoning code in accordance with the demands of a growing city.

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