Colección especial COVID-19

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https://riunet7pre.upv.es/handle/10251/147394

Esta colección especial recoge todo tipo de materales relacionados con la COVID-19 o de los coronavirus en general como aportación al mejor y más extenso conocimiento de estas enfermedades, como artículos o informes de investigación o materiales más divulgativo en las que ha participado la UPV.
RDA Recomendaciones y pautas sobre el intercambio de datos para COVID-19,

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Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Comunicación y noticias falsas en relación al COVID-19: algunas reflexiones sobre la información, la desinformación y propuestas de mejora
(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2020) Ramón Fernández, Francisca; Dpto. de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] The fake news generated during the health crisis of COVID-19 has provided a challenge for information in the health field. The objective of this work is to reflect on the information and disinformation circulating on COVID-19, on the fake news and the consequences for the citizens, and tho indicate the current scenario of the fake news and the measures that are adopted. It is verified that the proliferation of fake news and the mechanisms to prevent its dissemination do not have specific regulations, and the behavior of the population is driven by the consumption of untruthful information. The application of artificial intelligence is suggested, through algorithms, and good practice protocols to prevent the dissemination of health fake news, and also the adoption of specific regulation on measures to fight against fake news.
El coronavirus, el testamento en situación de epidemia y el uso de las TICS en el derecho español
(Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2021-01) Ramón Fernández, Francisca; Dpto. de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] The declaration of the state of alarm in Spain for the coronavirus epidemic has activated the possibility of making a will in the event of an epidemic regulated in the Spanish Civil Code. We propose to analyze this type of will, as well as the application of new information and communication technologies taking into account the situation of the subject and the circumstances in which it may be found, and the legal problems that may arise.
COVIDSensing: Social Sensing strategy for the management of the COVID-19 crisis
(MDPI AG, 2021-12) Sepúlveda, Alicia; Periñán Pascual, José Carlos; Muñoz, Andrés; Martínez-España, Raquel; Hernández Orallo, Enrique; Cecilia Canales, José María; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación; Dpto. de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores; Dpto. de Lingüística Aplicada; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática; Grupo de Análisis de las Lenguas de Especialidad (GALE); Grupo de Redes de Computadores; GENERALITAT VALENCIANA; AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Regional Development Fund
[EN] The management of the COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to be critical for reducing its dramatic effects. Social sensing can analyse user-contributed data posted daily in social-media services, where participants are seen as Social Sensors. Individually, social sensors may provide noisy information. However, collectively, such opinion holders constitute a large critical mass dispersed everywhere and with an immediate capacity for information transfer. The main goal of this article is to present a novel methodological tool based on social sensing, called COVIDSensing. In particular, this application serves to provide actionable information in real time for the management of the socio-economic and health crisis caused by COVID-19. This tool dynamically identifies socio-economic problems of general interest through the analysis of people¿s opinions on social networks. Moreover, it tracks and predicts the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic based on epidemiological figures together with the social perceptions towards the disease. This article presents the case study of Spain to illustrate the tool.
El derecho a la vida y a la protección de la salud en las medidas adoptadas en España como consecuencia de la covid-19: Una reflexión sobre su oportunidad
(Universidad de Talca. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 2020) Ramón Fernández, Francisca; Dpto. de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] This paper analyzes the measures adopted in Spain as a result of the state of alarm by COVID-19 and the right to life and health protection with a reflection on their timeliness. It starts from the regulation established in the regulatory body, as well as the most recent doctrine position to analyze the restrictions that have been established to certain rights and the measures that have been adopted to limit the activities of normal life, in order to protect the health of people in the situation of health crisis. The study will attend, especially, to various situations such as the case of vulnerable groups, and citizens, in order to determine the relationship between health protection and the right to life, as well as whether this has constituted or not a suspension of your constitutional rights.
La desconexión digital y docencia universitaria online en tiempos de pandemia por la COVID-19: una ilusión más que una realidad
(Fundacio per la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2021-03) Ramón Fernández, Francisca; Dpto. de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[ES] La declaración del estado de alarma por la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto que la actividad laboral sea realizada de forma telemática en los colectivos en los que ha sido posible. Uno de ellos es el ámbito universitario, en el que el profesorado ha pasado de la presencialidad a la virtualidad. El derecho a la desconexión digital que contempló la Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales deja en el aire numerosas cuestiones que dificultan la aplicación de este derecho, junto a su ausencia de desarrollo en el contexto de la universidad. Nos proponemos en este trabajo reflexionar sobre lo que ha supuesto más una ilusión que una realidad, abordando las carencias, limitaciones y falta de garantías de este derecho, ya que en esta coyuntura que nos ha tocado vivir no hemos podido desconectar en ningún momento. Al respecto, debemos tener en cuenta que el escenario que nos hemos encontrado no ha ido acompañado de unas medidas, instrucciones y protocolos en donde el derecho a la desconexión digital se contemplara, y que el número de horas empleadas en la docencia online ha sido muy superior al habitualmente dedicado a la docencia presencial. Cuestiones como la dificultad de conciliación de la actividad laboral con la vida familiar en un marco de actividades virtuales con una hiperconexión continuada determinan que sea preciso el establecimiento de límites legales y personales para el ejercicio de este derecho a la desconexión digital, y que recientemente se han determinado en el Real Decreto Ley 28/2020, de 22 de septiembre, de trabajo a distancia , y en el Real Decreto-ley 29/2020, de 29 de septiembre, de medidas urgentes en materia de teletrabajo en las Administraciones Públicas y de recursos humanos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud para hacer frente a la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19.
Effect of the early use of antivirals on the COVID-19 pandemic. A computational network modeling approach
(Elsevier, 2020-11) Benlloch Baviera, Jose María; Cortés López, Juan Carlos; Martínez-Rodríguez, David; San Julián Garcés, Raúl; Villanueva Micó, Rafael Jacinto; Facultad de Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Dpto. de Matemática Aplicada; Dpto. de Comunicaciones; Instituto Universitario de Matemática Multidisciplinar; Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular; Generalitat Valenciana; European Research Council; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] It seems that we are far from controlling COVID-19 pandemics, and, consequently, returning to a fully normal life. Until an effective vaccine is found, safety measures as the use of face masks, social distancing, washing hands regularly, etc., have to be taken. Also, the use of appropriate antivirals in order to alleviate the symptoms, to control the severity of the illness and to prevent the transmission, could be a good option that we study in this work. In this paper, we propose a computational random network model to study the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Spain. Once the model has been calibrated and validated, we use it to simulate several scenarios where effective antivirals are available. The results show how the early use of antivirals may significantly reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and may avoid a new collapse of the health system. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluating How Smartphone Contact Tracing Technology Can Reduce the Spread of Infectious Diseases: The Case of COVID-19
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2020) Hernández Orallo, Enrique; Manzoni, Pietro; Tavares de Araujo Cesariny Calafate, Carlos Miguel; Cano Escribá, Juan Carlos; Dpto. de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática; Grupo de Redes de Computadores; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] Detecting and controlling the diffusion of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 is crucial to managing epidemics. One common measure taken to contain or reduce diffusion is to detect infected individuals and trace their prior contacts so as to then selectively isolate any individuals likely to have been infected. These prior contacts can be traced using mobile devices such as smartphones or smartwatches, which can continuously collect the location and contacts of their owners by using their embedded localisation and communications technologies, such as GPS, Cellular networks, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of these technologies and determines the impact of contact tracing precision on the spread and control of infectious diseases. To this end, we have created an epidemic model that we used to evaluate the efficiency and cost (number of people quarantined) of the measures to be taken, depending on the smartphone contact tracing technologies used. Our results show that in order to be effective for the COVID-19 disease, the contact tracing technology must be precise, contacts must be traced quickly, and a significant percentage of the population must use the smartphone contact tracing application. These strict requirements make smartphone-based contact tracing rather ineffective at containing the spread of the infection during the first outbreak of the virus. However, considering a second wave, where a portion of the population will have gained immunity, or in combination with some other more lenient measures, smartphone-based contact tracing could be extremely useful.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Bluetooth-Based Smartphone Contact Tracing Applications
(MDPI AG, 2020-10) Hernández Orallo, Enrique; Tavares de Araujo Cesariny Calafate, Carlos Miguel; Cano Escribá, Juan Carlos; Manzoni, Pietro; Dpto. de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática; Grupo de Redes de Computadores; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] One of the strategies to control the spread of infectious diseases is based on the use of specialized applications for smartphones. These apps offer the possibility, once individuals are detected to be infected, to trace their previous contacts in order to test and detect new possibly-infected individuals. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of recently developed contact tracing smartphone applications for COVID-19 that rely on Bluetooth to detect contacts. We study how these applications work in order to model the main aspects that can affect their performance: precision, utilization, tracing speed and implementation model (centralized vs. decentralized). Then, we propose an epidemic model to evaluate their efficiency in terms of controlling future outbreaks and the effort required (e.g., individuals quarantined). Our results show that smartphone contact tracing can only be effective when combined with other mild measures that can slightly reduce the reproductive number R0 (for example, social distancing). Furthermore, we have found that a centralized model is much more effective, requiring an application utilization percentage of about 50% to control an outbreak. On the contrary, a decentralized model would require a higher utilization to be effective.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Patients with Cancer: Retrospective and Transversal Studies in Spanish Population
(MDPI AG, 2020-12) Garde-Noguera, Javier; Fernández-Murga, M. Leonor; Giner Bosch, Vicent; Domínguez-Márquez, Victoria; García Sánchez, José; Soler-Cataluña, Juan José; López Chuliá, Francisca; Honrubia, Beatriz; Piera, Nuria; Llombart-Cussac, Antonio; Dpto. de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Centro de Gestión de la Calidad y del Cambio; Agencia Estatal de Investigación
[EN] Background: Studies of patients with cancer affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed to assess the impact of the disease in this sensitive population, and the influence of different cancer treatments on the COVID-19 infection and seroconversion. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients hospitalized with RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 in our region to assess the prevalence of cancer patients and describe their characteristics and evolution (Cohort 1). Concurrently, a transversal study was carried out in patients on active systemic cancer treatment for symptomatology and seroprevalence (IgG/IgM by ELISA-method) against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Cohort 2). Results: A total of 215 patients (Cohort 1) were admitted to hospital with a confirmed COVID-19 infection between February 28 and April 30, 2020, and 17 died (7.9%). A medical record of cancer was noted in 43 cases (20%), 6 of them required Intensive care unit ICU attention (14%), and 7 died (16%). There were thirty-six patients (83%) who tested IgG/IgM positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients on immunosuppressive therapies presented a lower ratio of seroconversion (40% vs. 8%; p = 0.02). In Cohort 2, 166 patients were included in a symptoms-survey and tested for SARS-CoV-2. Any type of potential COVID-19-related symptom was referred up to 67.4% of patients (85.9% vs. 48.2% vs. 73.9%, for patients on chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies respectively, p < 0.05). The seroprevalence ratio was 1.8% for the whole cohort with no significant differences by patient or treatment characteristics. Conclusion: Patients with cancer present higher risks for hospital needs for COVID-19 infection. The lack of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion may be a concern for patients on immunosuppressive therapies. Patients receiving systematic therapies relayed a high rate of potentially COVID-19-related symptoms, particularly those receiving chemotherapy. However, the seroconversion rate remains low and in the range of general population.
Mobile crowdsensing approaches to address the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020-07) Cecilia Canales, José María; Cano Escribá, Juan Carlos; Hernández Orallo, Enrique; Tavares de Araujo Cesariny Calafate, Carlos Miguel; Manzoni, Pietro; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación; Dpto. de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática; Grupo de Redes de Computadores; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia
[EN] Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a technique where people with computing and sensing devices such as smartphones collectively share data that are of potential interest to the rest of society. MCS includes two different trends (i) mobile sensing, which shares raw data generated from the sensors that are embedded in mobile devices, and (ii) social sensing, which uses the information shared by people in online social networks (OSNs). In this study, the authors present the timeline evolution of the COVID¿19 pandemic in Spain, and summarise the MCS research efforts that are being undertaken by the Spanish community to address COVID¿19 outbreak. Indeed, the COVID¿19 pandemic is putting today's society at risk; lockdown and social distancing measures proposed by governments are dramatically affecting economies. In this regard, MCS tools can become a powerful solution to provide smart quarantine strategies in periods of a steep decrease of infections, or new outbreaks.
Trabajar con datos abiertos en tiempos de pandemia: uso de covidDATA-19
(Ediciones Profesionales de la Informacion SL, 2020-08) Sánchez Del Toro, María Isabel; Calabuig Rodriguez, Jose Manuel; Ferrer Sapena, Antonia; Peset Mancebo, María Fernanda; Dpto. de Comunicación Audiovisual, Documentación e Historia del Arte; Facultad de Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Dpto. de Matemática Aplicada; Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Generalitat Valenciana; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Cátedra de Transparencia y Gestión de datos, Universitat Politècnica de València
[ES] Uno de los problemas al trabajar con datos es la falta de uniformidad en los criterios de su recogida, lo que hace que la reutilización sea difícil, cuando no imposible. Deben tenerse claros los protocolos de recolección y estandarización de los datos. Este hecho se ha podido constatar en la situación de pandemia global provocada por la Covid-19, en la que se han necesitado con urgencia datos uniformes para tomar decisiones rápidas y mantener informada a la población. En este trabajo se observan las dificultades para crear un portal que analiza la evolución de los datos de la pandemia en España. CovidDATA-19 es una web de datos abiertos que presenta visualizaciones interactivas y permite descargar los datos filtrados según las elecciones del usuario. En su creación se ha puesto de manifiesto la escasez de fuentes oficiales fácilmente reutilizables y la fragilidad de la confianza en los datos en estos momentos de crisis.

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