Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics - Vol 01, No 2 (2001)

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Artículos

Principales determinantes de la productividad total de los factores en el sector agrario español
Formación de expectativas de precio en el sector hortofrutícola exportador del sureste español
Evolución económica y análisis de resultados en una muestra de explotaciones del occidentede Asturias (1993-1998)
Especificaciones y consideraciones muestrales en la estimación de la demanda de un espacio natural singular: Las Illas Cíes en Galicia.
Los derechos de propiedad en la agricultura de regadío: Su situación frente al cambio institucional
Política agrícola y competitividad. Efectos de sistemas alternativos de ayudas
Comparación de la ordenación contingente y del experimento de elección en la valoración de las funciones no privadas de los bosques
Análisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario
Crecimiento económico y exclusión social en la agricultura familiar argentina

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Análisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Calatrava Leyva, Javier; Garrido Colmenero, Alberto
[EN] The evidence available about the external effects of functioning water markets is ambiguous. While some authors have shown that water exchanges diminishes the polluting effects of irrigated agriculture, others conclude otherwise. The joint use of contaminant input taxes and the establishment of water markets gives rise to ambiguous results, because water and fertilisers are not substitutes. The objective of this paper is to examine the joint effects of establishing an hypothetical spot water market among farmers and a nitrogen tax on irrigators’ benefits, nitrogen pollution and hired external labour. Two non-linear models are formulated and developed that simulate irrigators’ behaviour and the functioning of inter-district water markets in the Guadalquivir basin. Results show that water markets would increase hired farm labour and irrigators’ surplus, though at the cost of increasing nitrates pollution. The reduction of nitrates contamination achieved by the tax is attenuated as a result of water exchanges, which in turn contribute to reduce the negative income effects caused by the nitrates tax. Water markets increase unambiguously the social benefits resulting from increasing hired labour.
Comparación de la ordenación contingente y del experimento de elección en la valoración de las funciones no privadas de los bosques
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Mogas Amorós, Joan; Riera, Pere
[EN] This paper presents a comparison between two stated preference methods: the contingent ranking and the choice experiment. An empirical application is included, involving the valuation of the effects that would have a specific program to convert some agricultural land into forest land in Catalonia. The valuation exercise considers a forest recreational function, carbon storage, and erosion protection. The results show some differences between the values derived from the two methods, with the choice experiment values being significantly greater. Moreover, the differences are kept when comparing pairwise observations derived from the choice experiments with simulated pairwise observations derived from the contingent ranking.
Crecimiento económico y exclusión social en la agricultura familiar argentina
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Lattuada, Mario; Moyano Estrada, Eduardo
[EN] This article focuses on the process of economic growth that Argentina underwent during the nineties and its effects on the Pampeana region’s farming sector. Its main goal is to contribute, from a sociological point of view, to the debate on the possibilities and limitations of family agriculture to reproduce itself in a context characterized by the implementation of structural ajustement programs. Firstly, the article describes the evolution of the most important economic indicators of Pampeana farming sector during the last decade. Secondly, it points out the different elements which both provoked the deterioration of the small farmers’ incomes and increased its social and economic weakness. Thirdly, it shows the growing debtment of Pampa farmers and, consequently, the reduction of the number of farms in that region. Finally, the authors offer some ideas on the process of social exclusion of small and middle farmers in a context of open markets where the role of the State is restricted. From starting of the European experiences, they propose changes for agricultural policies to be more sensitive to the social dimension of sustainability.
Los derechos de propiedad en la agricultura de regadío: Su situación frente al cambio institucional
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Ortiz Miranda, Dionisio; Ceña Delgado, Felisa; Dpto. de Economía y Ciencias Sociales; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Grupo de Investigación de Economía Internacional y Desarrollo
[EN] The Spanish water economy is within a process of institutional change. The development of this change will be strongly conditioned by the water property rights structure, and this structure –in the context of irrigated agriculture- is defined by a complex net of informal institutions and farmers’ perceptions. The objective of the article is to characterise these property rights –through previous desegregation of its content- in the context of Irrigation Districts of the Guadalquivir basin, in order to analyse how the new institutions could be performed in this environment. Results, based in both the analysis of formal institutions and farmers’ opinion, show (i) the lack of adaptation of new institutions to farmers’ demands, and (ii) some characteristics of the property rights structure which could hinder the institutional change.
Especificaciones y consideraciones muestrales en la estimación de la demanda de un espacio natural singular: Las Illas Cíes en Galicia
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) González Gómez, Manuel; Polomé, Philippe; Prada Blanco, Albino
[EN] In this paper, we present estimates of several specifications of demand for a singular natural area using data from surveys on visitors and non-visitors. The estimates take into account the problems of functional form, measurement of the cost and of the demand, choosing sampling scheme, and handling the sample. Considering these alternatives allows us to select a specification of demand under improved conditions and frees us from initial restrictive hypothesis. The results in terms of prediction of demand and consumer surplus estimates are quite dissimilar, stressing the importance of comparing various specifications that encompass a range of possible options.
Evolución económica y análisis de resultados en una muestra de explotaciones del occidente de Asturias (1993-1998)
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Pérez Méndez, José Antonio; Machado Cabezas, Ángel
[EN] This research has a double aim: first, an analysis of economic evolution in a sample of 42 dairy farms from western Asturias in the period of 1993-1998, and second, a study of the final situation (1998), identifying the characteristics of the units with better economic results. To be able to do this, we study the evolution of labour productivity, the variation in the margin over concentrated feeds, the break-even point, and the added value and its distribution. The analysis of variance and the logistic regression allow us to identify the traits from farms with the highest profits in 1998, in the short and long run. The research points out the importance of a proper size in order to make indivisible factors like machinery, installations and labour profitable and the need for adequately managing all factors that determine the contribution margin per litre of milk.
Formación de expectativas de precio en el sector hortofrutícola exportador del sureste español
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Galdeano Gómez, Emilio
[EN] The temporal difference existing between the planning of the supply and the demand of agrarian products has caused that the theories about the formation of price expectations have a traditionally great importance in such sectors as those of vegetables and fruits. The tendency to a greater connexion between production and commercialisation in associated entities (in productive place) implies an increase of the efficiency on the use of available information to make forecats on the different variables in the market. The aim of the present study is to determine empirically the existence of price valuations, taking as a reference the production-comercialisation in the south-easterm horticultural sector of Spain, consider enterprises that sell fruits and vegetable institutions of food distribution in the framework of the European Union. For this purpuse, it has been started from the combination of traditional formulations of expectations based on retarded variables, on the one hand, and models of rational expectations, on the other. By this method is deduced the use of complementary information to the price retards; also, the relation existing between that use of information to both the degree of response of the supply regarding the fluctuations in prices and the efficiency on expectative formation is analysed.
Política agrícola y competitividad. Efectos de sistemas alternativos de ayudas
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Atance Muñiz, Ignacio; Bardají Azcárate, Isabel; Tió Saralegui, Carlos
[EN] The Agenda 2000 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) justifies public intervention in agriculture in the basis of two main objectives: increasing the competitiveness of European agriculture and its multifunctional role. This paper attends to assess the ability of the reform to address this first objective. Competitiveness is considered both as the capacity to adopt new technologies and to restructure land holdings towards those more efficient. Mathematical programming models simulating the adoption of new technologies by selected representative farms have been constructed for two Spanish agricultural areas – Tierra de Campos of Valladolid and Campiña Baja of Córdoba. The simulation has included not only Agenda 2000 and the previous intervention system, but also three alternative policy scenarios. Relative results between scenarios allow to evaluate the size of the incentive introduce by each intervention system to adopt new technologies or promote structural reforms.
Principales determinantes de la productividad total de los factores en el sector agrario español
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2001) Expósito Díaz, Pilar; Rodríguez González, Antón
[EN] In this paper we analyse, as a whole and for the period 1970-95, the outstanding factors that explain the behaviour of total productivity in the Spanish agrarian sector. In the study, two main methods of modeling had been used: those we consider like "traditional" econometric methodology and the methodology of cointegration. We accepted the influence on the productivity, with the same results that the majority of authors which obtain equal results about this subject, and about variables like, human capital, or the expenditures in agrarian research and development; but in adition we stick out the big influence of others variables like weather conditions, the change in the own structure of productivity by the sector and the public capital.

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