Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales
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- PublicationDiseño y evaluación de un inversor de potencia de 220W para conexión a red de módulos fotovoltáicos de 24 a 40V(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013-12-04) Patrao Herrero, Iván; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos IndustrialesConsulta en la Biblioteca ETSI Industriales (7941)
- PublicationTransformerless topologies for grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic inverters(Elsevier, 2011-09) Patrao Herrero, Iván; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; González Espín, Francisco José; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación[EN] In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of a photovoltaic system, the use of transformerless photovoltaic inverters is an alternative of increasing interest. However, this topology needs to be studied in detail, as it presents some problems related to the galvanic connection between the grid and the photovoltaic generator (e.g. efficiency degradation and safety problems). In this paper, a review of grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic inverters based on transformerless topologies has been carried out. On the one hand, some alternatives based on classical topologies have been presented. On the other hand, alternatives based on multi-level inverter topologies have been studied, showing up that no leakage current is generated in comparison to classical topologies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
- PublicationIntegración de Convertidores Multinivel en Microrredes(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011-11-29) Patrao Herrero, Iván; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos IndustrialesEn el presente trabajo fin de Máster se aborda el diseño y simulación de un inversor fotovoltaico sin transformador, basado en la topología NPC, capaz de gestionar el punto de máxima potencia en 2 strings independientemente y de funcionar tanto en isla como conectado a red.
- PublicationMicrogrid architectures for low voltage distributed generation(Elsevier, 2015-03) Patrao Herrero, Iván; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; González Medina, Raúl; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad[EN] The high penetration of distributed generators, most of them based on renewable energy sources, is modifying the traditional structure of the electric distribution grid. If the power of distributed generators is high enough to feed the loads of a certain area, this area could be disconnected from the main grid and operate in islanded mode. Microgrids are composed by distributed generators, energy storage devices, intelligent circuit breakers and local loads. In this paper, a review of the main microgrid architectures proposed in the literature has been carried out. The microgrid architectures are first classified regarding their AC or DC distribution buses. Besides, more complex microgrid architectures are shown. Both advantages and disadvantages of each one of the microgrid families are discussed.
- PublicationSynchronization of power inverters in islanded microgrids using an FM-modulated signal(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2017-01) Patrao Herrero, Iván; González Medina, Raúl; Marzal-Romeu, Silvia; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; European Regional Development FundA microgrid can operate in island mode, isolated from the main grid during certain time intervals. When operated in island mode, the electronic converters of the microgrid must keep the voltage and frequency of the microgrid inside the desired range. The converters of a microgrid can be classified into three groups: 1) grid-feeding; 2) grid-supporting; and 3) grid-forming power converters. The grid-forming converters operate as a voltage source, and require an external synchronization signal provided by the microgrid central controller. Both the noise and the delay in the synchronization signals received by the grid-forming converters are critical issues, which deteriorate the quality of the microgrid voltage and may overload those converters. The synchronization signals must be robust and suitable for operating in noisy environments. In this paper, the synchronization signal is frequency-modulated to be transmitted, being robust against noise. The transmission is done through an industrial RS-485 line with a low delay. The demodulation is performed with a low computational load by the control processors of the grid-forming power converters.
- PublicationConcepción e integración en microrredes residenciales de inversores multinivel sin transformador de aislamiento con extracción simultánea de la máxima potencia de múltiples generadores fotovoltaicos(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-06-22) Patrao Herrero, Iván; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales[EN] Multilevel inverters are being used in high-power applications, but the use of those topologies in small-power photovoltaic power plants presents some advantages. In this Thesis it is proposed a transformerless grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic inverter topology, called NPC+GCC, based on a multilevel topology. The characteristics of the NPC+GCC are of great interest for grid-connected transformerless inverters. It is demonstrated that that topology generates a very low capacitive leakage current, which is well below the limits stablished by the DIN VDE 0123-1-1 norm. The NPC+GCC topology permits the connection of a pair of photovoltaic sources on its input, getting the maximum power of both sources simultaneously. The efficiency of the power electronic converter is very high, since cascaded power stages are not used. This feature is of great interest in photovoltaic generation in urban areas because of the partial shadowing of the photovoltaic modules. Partial shadowing significantly deteriorates the energy harvesting. The double maximum power point tracking of the NPC+GCC reduces the effects of partial shadowing. Moreover, the inverter has been designed for working in distributed generation microgrids, an upcoming scenario. The main features of the inverter, transformerless and with a double maximum power point tracking, are especially relevant for power generation in the context of microgrids. The design has been validated by means of the construction and experimental study of an NPC+GCC converter with a nominal power of 5kW.
- PublicationDynamic modeling of a dual active bridge DC to DC converter with average current control and load-current feed-forward(Wiley, 2015-10) Guacaneme Moreno, Javier Antonio; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Patrao Herrero, Iván; González Medina, Raúl; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales; Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadBidirectional power flow is needed in many power conversion systems like energy storage systems, regeneration systems, power converters for improvement of the power quality and some DC-DC applications where bidirectional high power conversion and galvanic isolation are required. The dual active bridge (DAB) is an isolated, high voltage ratio DC-DC converter suitable for high power density and high power applications, being a key interface between renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. This paper is focused on the modeling and control design of a DC-DC system with battery storage based on a DAB converter with average current mode control of the output current and output voltage control. The dynamic response of the output voltage to load steps is improved by means of an additional load-current feed-forward control loop. An analytical study of the load-current feed-forward is presented and validated by means of both simulations and experimental results.
- PublicationAn Adaptive Digital Control Technique for Improved Performance of Grid Connected Inverters(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2013) González Espín, Francisco José; Patrao Herrero, Iván; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales; Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadGrid connected voltage source inverters may be controlled in the stationary reference frame by means of the infinite impulse response (IIR) P+Resonat regulator. This regulator is able to correctly track fixed frequency sinusoidal references, but does not perform well if the frequency of the electric grid voltage is varied. In order to avoid the lack of precision to track variable frequency sinusoidal references, an adaptive IIR filter structure is proposed which offers good tracking properties even if the frequency of the grid voltage varies. This filter adapts its coefficients in real time and is inherently stable no matter the adaptation process, thus overcoming one of the most important drawbacks of the IIR filter structure. Furthermore, this structure is perfectly suited to be programmed in fixed point digital signal processors (DSPs) because of some important numeric properties, i.e., it has a high mapping precision and a low round-off accumulation, and it avoids quantization limit cycle oscillations. The proposed adaptive controller has been tested by means of the TI TMS320F2812 DSP. The obtained experimental results show up that this controller allows the correct tracking of a sinusoidal reference, even if this reference is time variant.
- PublicationA low-cost photovoltaic emulator for static and dynamic evaluation of photovoltaic power converters and facilities(Wiley, 2014-02) González Medina, Raúl; Patrao Herrero, Iván; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos Industriales; Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónIn testing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms running on electronic power converters for photovoltaic (PV) applications, either a PV energy source (PV module or PV array) or a PV emulator is required. With a PV emulator, it is possible to control the testing conditions with accuracy so that it is the preferred option. The PV source is modeled as a current source; thus, the emulator has to work as a current source dependent on its output voltage. The proposed emulator is a buck converter with an average current mode control loop, which allows testing the static and dynamic performance of PV facilities up to 3 kW. To validate the concept, the emulator is used to evaluate the MPPT algorithm of a 230-W experimental microinverter working from a single PV module.
- PublicationGrid-tie inverter topology with maximum power extraction from two photovoltaic arrays(Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2014-08) Patrao Herrero, Iván; Garcerá Sanfeliú, Gabriel; Figueres Amorós, Emilio; González Medina, Raúl; Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Grupo de Sistemas Electrónicos IndustrialesThis study presents a transformerless topology for a grid-tied single-phase inverter capable of performing the simultaneous maximum power point tracking of two independent and series connected photovoltaic sources. This topology is derived from the neutral point clamped multilevel inverter in half-bridge configuration. The use of a half-bridge topology reduces the leakage current to very low values, whereas the multilevel topology presents an output voltage quality similar to that of a full-bridge inverter. To simultaneously track the maximum power of both photovoltaic sources, a generation control circuit is used. With this topology, it is possible to improve the performance of the converter under partial shadowing conditions, very common in photovoltaic facilities operating in residential areas. A 5 kW prototype of this topology has been implemented and tested in the laboratory.