Tesis doctorales

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Análisis arquitectónico y constructivo de la techumbre en madera policromada de la iglesia de San Antonio Abad de Valencia como pervivencia de la arquitectura tardogótica mediterránea en la Valencia del siglo XV
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-03-07) Blanco Gómez, Pedro Rafael; Benlloch Marco, Javier; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFING POLYCHROME WOODEN ANALYSIS OF THE CHURCH OF SAN ANTONIO ABAD DE VALENCIA, SURVIVAL OF ARCHITECTURE AS TARDOGÓTICA VALENCIA MEDITERRANEAN FIFTEENTH CENTURY Author of the thesis: Pedro Rafael Blanco Gómez DIRECTOR OF THE THESIS: Dr. D Javier Benlloch Marco ABSTRACT The object of this thesis is the study of Gothic Mudejar roof of the church of San Antonio Abad in Valencia, located on the street 188 Sagunto Valencia. The deepening of the building and the persistence of the ceiling, studying the characteristics of the construction materials and execution techniques, determining what has been its evolution, behavior and the factors set disorderly. And the disclosure of this almost unknown heritage to its value. In the environment of the medieval walls that protected the city of Valencia scattered farmsteads and hamlets with their small churches they stood. The Hospital Brotherhood of San Antonio Abad was a religious order dedicated to the care of the sick was instituted in Mota, Dauphine near Vienne in 1095 by Gaston noble dolphins. In 1228 the order was authorized by Pope Honorius III, giving Bonifacio III Rule of St. Augustine, leading by distinguishing the "tau" or cross of San Antonio. The arrival of these religious to the kingdom of Valencia is unknown. In 1238, James I seized the city of Valencia, geographically constituting the new kingdom in 1245. In 1333 acquired by purchase some land in the path of Murviedro, in the village of Els Orriols. The Gothic hospital began construction in 1409, estimated that the works were finished in 1446, being viceroy of Valencia Maria of Castile and King of the Crown of Aragon Alfonso V the Magnanimous, their coats of arms appearing in the colors of the roof. In the hospital sought by the Jurats unification of the City of Valencia Anthony's church they fitted out as to meet Els Orriols. The original Gothic church was a single ship of diaphragm arches and polychrome wooden roof clear Mudejar invoice. Between 1765 and 1768 the masking medieval structures was made in neoclassical style, as in almost all the old churches in Valencia, including the Cathedral. It is a marvel of technical skill which consiguiesen so admirably adapted both buildings, and maintaining the same cover until 1987.
Análisis arquitectónico y constructivo del Real Colegio de Corpus Christi de Valencia
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012-12-26T07:45:12Z) Lerma Elvira, Carlos; Mas Tomas, Maria de los Angeles; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
Análisis de la corrosión de las armaduras de acero en el hormigón: generación de monocapa inhibidora sobre la superficie de acero
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017-11-03) Monzón Bello, Pablo; Gandía Romero, José Manuel; Soto Camino, Juan; Valcuende Payá, Manuel Octavio; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
Corrosion of steel reinforcements is a phenomenon that can greatly reduce the lifespan of any reinforced concrete structure or structural element. The mechanical, functional and aesthetic capacity of the material are negatively affected by the loss of section and adhesion as a consequence of corrosion procceses or by cracks produced in the surrounding matrix due to stresses caused by corrosion products. Therefore, the study of these processes and of the methods that reduce corrosion kinetics are of utmost importance in the field of architecture and engineering. In the first part of this thesis, new methods for analysing corrosion processes are studied through the joint use of electrochemical techniques and advanced statistics. This combination yields qualitative and quantitative information which is more complete and useful than that obtained by traditional methodologies. In the second part of the paper, a series of organic amine and carboxylate compounds are selected to act as corrosion inhibitors. Different protocols for the monolayer binding of these compounds to the steel reinforcements are developed, optimised and described, proving their effectiveness after subjecting them to chemical attack in solutions with different mechanisms and levels of aggressiveness. Next, the effectiveness of the inhibitor coating is studied in reinforcements embedded in mortar and concrete specimens. For that purpose, classic working protocols are used to monitor the corrosion processes. Lastly, the response of the monolayers to static and dynamic tensile loads applied to the steel rods is analysed, as well as the behaviour and influence of the coatings on the adhesion of the concrete-steel system.
Análisis de la normativa de hormigón armado en España y la influencia de los investigadores españoles desde 1939 a 1973. Aplicación de la técnica constructiva en la ciudad de Valencia
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012-09-17T10:20:38Z) Marco Serrano, Empar; Valcuende Payá, Manuel Octavio; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
El objetivo del presente trabajo es medir el grado de cumplimiento de las normativas vigente sobre hormigón armado en los edificios construidos desde 1941 a 1973 en la ciudad de Valencia. Como paso previo, se expone la situación precedente a la redacción de la primera normativa francesa sobre hormigón armado de 1906. A continuación se establece una comparación entre la primera normativa alemana y francesa con el propósito de examinar su influencia en la redacción de las normativas españolas de 1939, para la obra pública, y la norma de 1941, para edificación. Este apartado se complementa con el estudio comparativo de las normativas vigentes durante el periodo analizado, haciendo mención especial a la instrucción sobre hormigón armado de 1961 publicada por el Instituto Eduardo Torroja. Conocidas las normativas, para conseguir el objetivo propuesto se han consultado un total de 400 proyectos originales del Archivo Histórico Municipal del Ayuntamiento de Valencia, más otros 90 proyectos de rehabilitación, y, además, se ha entrevistado a 12 personas expertas en el arte de la construcción. Como conclusión, se observa que el cumplimiento de la normativa de 1941 empieza a tomarse en consideración a finales de la década de los cincuenta. Respecto a la normativa de 1961 comienza a considerare en la redacción de los proyectos hacia la mitad de la década de los sesenta. Por último, la Instrucción de 1968 fue de más rápida aceptación y cumplimiento. A partir de los setenta se encuentran proyectos con claras referencias a la nueva instrucción.
Análisis de las curvas de producción en la promoción pública de VPO en Castilla-La Mancha
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-09-01) Ruiz Fernández, Juan Pedro; Benlloch Marco, Javier; Lopez Guerrero, Miguel Angel; Valverde Gascueña, Nelia; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] Abstract Time distribution analysis of building cost through historical data is an unknown topic in Spain, however in other countries it has been investigated since the 1970s. The main aim of this thesis is to provide developers and contractor with a reliable tool for early forecasts of cash flow originated in the process of the materialization of the project under construction. The developer wants to know the cost he/she should pay the contractor at the end of every arranged phase or period, due to the fact that this prediction conditions the financial viability analysis of the promotion and the expected benefit. The income prediction allows the contractor to know the surplus and shortfall periods regarding their liquid assets, determining the working capital founding necessities. Apart from that, he/she can also control the project progress regarding production and costs through the management earned value. The starting point consists of a general approximation to existing investigations about cash flows inside Spain along with other countries. Such approximation has been truly revealing as there is a great amount of scientific production in the Anglo-Saxon world. General vision on art state has been used for defining the theoretical framework, reformulating the specific objectives and the investigation design. In the present study, the cash flows of 161 public promotion (subsidised housing) properties will be analysed. These were built in the region of Castilla La-Mancha, provided by public enterprises and based on monthly work interim certificates that the developer paid the contractor. The study is focused on two very concrete typologies that are tower blocks and semi-detached houses. A statistical analysis is proposed, deactivating a good part of the factors that noticeably influence the production that will provide reliable prevision curves. As a result of the investigation four standard curves seasonally adjusted are identified, by using four degree polynomial regression, two for each of the typologies and according to the size of the promotion. Adjustment degree of the cash flows in the studied promotions in relation to proposed standard curves through calculating standard deviation is evaluated. Results are very satisfactory offering low means forecast errors. Differences in the production caused by seasonal effects have been measured too. To do so, we have a total of 3.076 work interim certificates. The average differences in the production between the different months of the year have been very significant. The research provides two tools for the early forecast of cash flows; it also supplies timeless standard production curves and monthly average productions which calculate the effect of the seasonal factors, that way we can obtain predictions about the monthly concrete cash flows for specific construction commencement dates.
Análisis metodológico y experimental de modelos térmicos de edificios existentes.
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024-01-23) Pérez Andreu, Víctor; Aparicio Fernández, Carolina Sabina; Vivancos Bono, José Luís; Dpto. de Proyectos de Ingeniería; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Ingeniería Energética; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[ES] El panorama de cambio climático y de escasez de recursos energéticos fósiles exige un cambio urgente de los modelos de habitar. Para la adaptación de los edificios a este cambio de paradigma es necesario reducir el impacto energético de su utilización de una forma controlada. El alcance de este objetivo precisa de bases metodológicas contrastadas y herramientas útiles y eficaces. La tesis de investigación desarrolla y analiza tres metodologías de caracterización del comportamiento térmico de los edificios existentes. Estas metodologías consideran el empleo de técnicas de monitorización térmica y simulación energética, diferentes escenarios futuros de cambio climático y el empleo de tecnologías de escaneado térmico tridimensional, para la creación y el ensayo predictivo de modelos térmicos de edificios. Cada una de estas metodologías ha sido aplicada a un caso de estudio diferente. Los ensayos de simulación que se han realizado, junto a los análisis y las discusiones de los resultados que se han obtenido, han permitido conocer los resultados de cada una de estas metodologías. Los dos primeros casos del estudio caracterizan el comportamiento térmico de edificios tradicionales en un clima mediterráneo, así como comportamientos futuros bajo diferentes escenarios de cambio climático. El tercer caso ensaya una metodología de monitorización que incluye la utilización de modelos termográficos tridimensionales que proporciona un mayor rendimiento operacional en los procesos de modelado energético y nuevas opciones de calibración de los modelos térmicos de edificios.
Aproximación metodológica al análisis integrado de la sostenibilidad urbana partiendo de las tipologías constructivas
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024-03-28) Iborra Lucas, Milagro; Orozco Messana, Javier; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Dpto. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales; Escuela de Doctorado; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación; European Commission
[ES] Las ciudades representan un papel muy importante en el desarrollo sostenible. En general, es conocido, que el sector residencial representa unos porcentajes elevados en cuanto a consumos totales de energía y emisiones de CO2. El avance en el conocimiento ha demostrado que todo el parque edificado tiene un comportamiento energético poco efectivo y que puede ser mejorable, avanzando así en las nuevas directrices de mejora que se están imponiendo desde las administraciones. Así pues, ante un parque construido abundante y obsoleto, la rehabilitación es el gran potencial que puede contribuir a la mejora del cambio climático, a través de la propuesta de estrategias y escenarios de actuación sostenibles y adecuados a los entornos sociales, económicos y medioambientales correspondientes. La construcción sostenible se fundamenta en optimizar el impacto conjunto en el medio natural de las tres dimensiones fundamentales en cualquier actividad humana: medioambiente, economía y sociedad. Así pues, surge la necesidad de establecer un patrón de medida que permita evaluar y cuantificar la sostenibilidad de un edificio, de forma que sea objetivo y comparable, que reduzcan la complejidad de otros estándares ya existentes. La presente tesis desarrolla una sistemática de análisis del medio urbano en todas sus dimensiones, a partir de una parametrización de las distintas tipologías constructivas y de su evolución. De esta forma, se está en condiciones de conocer la evolución de los sistemas urbanos partiendo de la evolución de las variables constructivas.
Avances en la metodología de recuperación y georreferenciación continua gaussiana de una cartografía antigua: Aplicación al plano parcelario municipal de Valencia de 1929
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-04-05) Villar Cano, Miriam; Chueca Pazos, Manuel; García García, Francisco; Jiménez Martínez, Mª Jesús; Marqués Mateu, Ángel; Dpto. de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Centro Valenciano de Estudios sobre el Riego; Grupo de Cartografía, Geodesia y GPS; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] The development of the cartographic recovery procedure presented in this thesis was started by the need of the Valencia Council to make use of the urban map of 1929 as a tool for territory conflict resolution. Its patrimonial and historical values make the digitization with colorimetric profiling an essential effort for conservation and reproduction purposes as well as for its integration in the municipal geographical information system. The first chapter briefly describes the aims of the research, the state of the art together with previous research on the subject, and also establishes an introduction to urban cartography. Chapter two focuses on the original documents related to the urban map survey with the purpose of performing an in-depth analysis of every stage of the computation procedure. With this goal in mind, calculations have been rerun both with modern computing tools as well as with the original calculation techniques with the aid of the bibliographic references of the time. The third chapter intends estimating the technical quality of the surveying triangulation network observed in 1929 and checking the expected accuracy considering the map scale. With this objective, a Gaussian network adjustment using the so-called coordinate increment method is applied, and a complete error analysis is obtained. From this historical-technical research, some conclusions are drawn about the quality of the present cartographic source and the beginning of the second phase of research starting in the fourth chapter is justified. The fourth chapter introduces two objectives. The first one is to perform the georeferencing procedure using GNSS measurement techniques of matching points together with a two dimensional 2D affine transformation for representing the map on the ETRS89 reference system and the UTM projection system. The second is to adjust a series of networks, whose vertexes are part of the network surveyed in 1929, according to the Gaussian method of coordinate increment adjustment which provides rigorous interpretation of the results. It also establishes error figures both geometrically and probabilistically by means of multivariate analysis based on the theory of pedal and hyperpedal curves. Chapter five studies the evolution of a micro geodetic network over time, defining and evaluating possible deformations that could occur and affect it. The results are obtained in the form of a deformation vector. The vector elements, quantifies numerically the variation of each one of the net coordinates on a vertex by vertex basis. The establishment of a threshold allows the discrimination of the results obtained by different procedures, studying and assessing the statistical power about the results as a whole or in isolated areas by means of multivariate analysis. Furthermore, it is possible to make a rigorous virtual densification of the net with the same level of accuracy as provided from observation and direct calculation. Application of the study of areas of different importance, allows reaching optimum results with a local transformation that significantly improves those results. Finally, the sixth chapter collects the conclusions and some reflections that are considered in the discussion. The chapter ends with a list of future research lines that could follow this thesis. The research closes with four appendices. The first one collects the theory named as areas of different importance that was applied in the fifth chapter: The second one contains some the details of the geometric method based on circumscribing circles that was used to obtain the best results in the georeferencing of the map, which has the advantage of avoiding stations in vertexes with difficult access. Third one develops the maps acquisition in digital format, and the last one is reserved for the programming and work integration in a GIS environment.
CARTOGRAFIADO DE LA MORFOLOGÍA SUBGLACIAR DE LA MALADETA Y ANETO MEDIANTE GEORRADAR
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-04-05) Jiménez Vaquero, Caridad; García García, Francisco; Dpto. de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] This thesis is going to deal with the mapping and study of the two most important temperate glaciers in the Spanish Pyrenees by applying a non-destructive geophysical survey technique: GPR. The GPR by emitting electromagnetic pulses capture all internal reflections produced by subglacial and englacial elements that make up the icy bodies. It has been developed its own working procedures concatenated to process the GPR data set and get the electromagnetic parameters characteristic of these formations. The mapping of the surface of the glaciers is the base to create a whole structure of interrelated data from the uppermost layer to conclude the mapping of the basal bed. The main objective is to obtain georeferenced mapping glacier, allows us to set the location, orientation and connectivity of all structural elements supraglacial, englacial and subglacial with the geomorphology of the Pyrenees level. In order to achieve this objective, while taking the GPR data, they are supplemented by control points taken on the route of geophysical profiles with GPS technology and classic topography. Firstly, we locate the contact interfaces between materials with different electromagnetic characteristics, the interface between firn and temperate ice, and the interface thereof with the glacier bed. With data from the travel time of the wave from the transmitting antenna to reach each interface, the thickness of the firn and the depth of temperate ice are determined. Comprehensively analyzing traces and spectra of the GPR data, which is generated by the reflections of the electromagnetic wave passing through media with different dielectric properties, the values of the velocity of the electromagnetic wave is obtained, the amplitude, frequency, polarity, the dielectric constant of the medium, the density of the medium, or moisture content, presence of air bubbles, etc ... these parameters are related to each other. The second objective is proposed classification of the detected structural elements, for which the set of quantifiable data (physical parameters of the wave) is combined with the visual data or GPR radargrams (pattern reflections in electromagnetic interfaces, internal reflectors and singularities). This combination reveals the internal structure, hydrology formed by drainage channels (englacial and subglacial), cracks/fractures (in the granite plinth and ice), englacial dispersion areas, till formations or subglacial sediments, moraines (lateral, central and final), the bergschrund and specific internal reflectors, among other forms of convergence, which will get the precise location within the structures glaciers. After determining the entire internal structure of the two glaciers, we will be in a position to quantify the approximate volume of water that would be obtained after the melting of glaciers, which would go to water resources through surface runoff and groundwater. The last objective to be achieved with the completion of this thesis, it is performed a 3D modeling and sections profiles glaciers of La Maladeta and Aneto with AutoCAD and ArcGIS programs. In these it can be observed the difference in height between the surface of the glacier and basal bed and a very irregular morphology of the substrate as a result of the joint action of glacial phenomena start, abrasion and pressure.
Casas cueva de la Comarca del Vinalopó Medio (Alicante)
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-09-02) Martínez Antón, Alicia; Blanca Giménez, Vicente; López Patiño, Maria Gracia; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[ES] El trabajo aquí desarrollado pretende sacar a la luz un valioso patrimonio de 1.018 casas-cueva existentes en la comarca del Vinalopó Medio en la provincia de Alicante, con escasas referencias publicadas hasta el momento por los investigadores dedicados a la materia. Abordar el conocimiento de este extenso conjunto excavado ha supuesto un extraordinario reto para el que ha sido necesario estructurar la investigación en diversas fases, la primera, ineludible, la localización y censado de todas ellas. A partir de esta primera etapa se desarrolla toda una labor que tiene como fin último la puesta en valor de las casas-cueva de la comarca y sentar las bases para lograr el reconocimiento y la debida protección patrimonial por parte de las administraciones. Así, el estudio llevado a cabo se centra en la identificación de las características de los núcleos de cuevas hasta definir la tipología propia de los asentamientos de la zona y la morfología interna del espacio excavado, para, seguidamente, establecer un análisis comparativo con otros conjuntos de España. Se completa la investigación con la evaluación del estado actual de conservación de estas viviendas a través de la identificación de los daños y lesiones y con la aportación de técnicas y actuaciones de restauración. Igualmente, se verifican las extraordinarias condiciones de confort ambiental interior de las casas-cueva. El trazado de todo este trabajo culmina con la propuesta de dos estrategias de intervención que procuran aprovechar los recursos de la comarca y promocionar la recuperación del uso como vivienda de estas cuevas.
Chimeneas industriales de fábrica de ladrillo en el Levante y Sureste español. Influencia sobre otros territorios. Estudio y análisis de las tipologías constructivas
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013-11-04T08:13:38Z) López Patiño, Maria Gracia; Benlloch Marco, Javier; Galvañ Llopis, Vicente; Montoliu Soler, Amparo Violeta; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
La investigación se centra sobre el objeto inmueble industrial, la chimenea de ladrillo, construida en el levante y sureste español, y su influencia en el resto del territorio nacional. Para ello se ha localizado y entrevistado a todos aquellos constructores que, a pesar del tiempo, aún han construido chimeneas en su juventud, en el período posterior a la Guerra Civil española . Por tanto, también se ofrece un punto sobre la cultura del trabajo, sobre una profesión perdida. A partir de los datos obtenidos, y un exhaustivo campo de trabajo se propone una tipificación de todos los elementos que generan la chimenea, constructivamente hablando. Por último, se establecen, asimismo, escuelas de construcción a partir de características comunes de estilo y construcción.
Comportamiento mecánico de cerramientos de fábrica de ladrillo no portante
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013-05-15T06:35:22Z) Cubel Arjona, Francisco José; Galvañ Llopis, Vicente; Gil Benso, Enrique; Mas Tomas, Maria de los Angeles; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Dpto. de Mecánica de los Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
Las fachadas de fábrica de ladrillo no portantes son uno de los cerramientos más utilizados en la arquitectura residencial actual en España. Se trata de una tipología con siglos de historia pero que todavía sigue vigente debido a la tradición de la industria cerámica y su facilidad de ejecución y mantenimiento. Este tipo de cerramiento se construye tradicionalmente en España apoyando su hoja exterior en los forjados del edificio, lo cual conlleva problemas de estabilidad de esta hoja, problemas de aislamiento térmico y de estanquidad frente al agua. Se han encontrado multitud de edificios con estas lesiones clasificándolas en función de su origen. Para suplir estos inconvenientes surge la fachada autoportante, heredera del cavity wall, que se separa de los forjados dejando una cámara de aire continua. Esta fachada transmite las cargas verticales, debidas al peso propio, directamente a cimentación, y transmite las cargas horizontales, debidas al viento, a la estructura del edificio mediante anclajes metálicos. El objetivo de esta tesis es realizar un estudio sobre el comportamiento mecánico de los cerramientos de ladrillo para proponer mejoras que eviten los problemas de estabilidad y resistencia. Para ello se estudia la normativa actual, se analizan los modelos de comportamiento y ensayos realizados. Después de analizar los modelos de comportamiento de la fábrica existentes se emplea el método de los elementos finitos. Con este modelo se estudia el comportamiento del cerramiento, tanto del cerramiento tradicional como del cerramiento autoportante continuo por delante de la estructura. Se realiza una investigación sobre su comportamiento frente a acciones horizontales observando la influencia del tamaño de los huecos, la geometría de los anclajes, el efecto de cargas verticales y la posible colaboración de la hoja interior. Este método permite prever la aparición de fisuras con objeto de evitarlas mediante el refuerzo de la fábrica, comprobando además la eficacia de los refuerzos. Una vez realizado el estudio, se proponen soluciones constructivas para ejecutar los cerramientos resolviendo los requisitos de estabilidad y resistencia, evitando la aparición de fisuras, y teniendo en cuenta otros aspectos como el aislamiento y la impermeabilización.
La Construcción de edificios para archivos. Análisis y evaluación de la edificación de archivos históricos
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-03-03) Collado López, María Luisa; Tolosa Robledo, Luisa María; Valcuende Payá, Manuel Octavio; Dpto. de Comunicación Audiovisual, Documentación e Historia del Arte; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Instituto de Diseño para la Fabricación y Producción Automatizada; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] Designing a building to contain an Archive makes clear the importance of the relationship between documents and architecture. The convenience of locating an Archive inside or outside of the cities, in the outskirts or downtown; and also the decision to construct a new building or renovating an old one belonging to the architecture heritage, gives rise to discussion and forces an agreement between archivist and architects. It is convenient to listen to the archivists in order to guide the architects. In this Thesis it has been listened to the archivists to establish a departure point and detect the possible existence of an initial disagreement that it must be solved in the benefit of the building heritage. A study has been carried out on the current situation of the municipal, provincial and regional historical Archives of the Valencian Community, their location in the urban area, the room layout, the storage areas and facilities. The research a questionnaire addressed to the organization staff, a visit to the buildings that represent the different building typology and an interview with those responsible for the archives. With the obtained results it has been elaborated an analysis of rooms in relation to works which are carried out in them to determine the satisfaction level with the use of the building.
La construcción de la "Obra Nova" de la Catedral de Valencia. Un ejercicio de impostación y transformaciones renacentistas en torno a la girola gótica
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017-01-03) Blasco García, Vicente; Mas Tomas, Maria de los Angeles; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
The Canon's Loggia of Valencia's Cathedral, also known as Llotgeta dels Canonges, Obra Nova u Obra Nueva del Cabildo, is one of the first pieces of valencian architecture of the renaissance. Overlapped to the gothic ambulatory of the Cathedral between the Apostles' Door and the seventeenth bridge that connects it with Helpless Virgin basilica, makes up a new façade, with a curve outline that, hiding the first chevet chapels close by that named Door, changed radically the architectonic appreciation of the chevet of this magnificent building. Drawn by the carpenter master Gaspar Gregori and the stonemason master Miguel Porcar, who, inspired Serlio's treatise of architecture, translated in that time in Spain (Venice, 1537; Toledo, 1552), carry out a whole recently introduced in that moment renaissance language in our country, its construction is attributed to the stonemason master Miguel Porcar, heir of gothic tradition of the most renowned local builders and aware, without any doubt, of the stereotomy secrets and the medieval construction techniques. 1566 is the commonly attributed date for the construction of these galleries, but in fact, as we will see throughout this thesis, the works were started by Porcar three years befote, in 1563, the same year that Wijngaerde did his famous drawings about valencian sights, in which is still possible to appreciate the gothic outline of the chevet. The purpose of this thesis is to disclose the manner and the mysteries of this construction, and the keys of its insertion into the original gothic construction, highlighting its architectonic manners, its composition and constructive arrangement, its stonework and its evolution throughout the time. In that way it has been done a thorough and detailed analysis of the Logia and the fraction in wich it affects to the Cathedral from a constructive mental view, trying to translate into drawn images what the readings of the building itself, of the treatises and graphic documents offer us, with the objective of settling some hypothesis supported by the logic and the constructive reason of the whole architecture and, in particular, of the added construction, and become to clear and specific conclusions about how, who, when, why and for what this piece of architecture of Valencia's Cathedral was made.
Contribución a la simulación virtual de parámetros de calidad acústica en espacios arquitectónicos. Aplicación del método de superficies de respuesta
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012-11-28T08:12:47Z) Llinares Millán, Jaime; Ramírez Blanco, Manuel Jesús; Bravo Plana-Sala, José María; Dpto. de Física Aplicada; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Centro de Tecnologías Físicas: Acústica, Materiales y Astrofísica; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
El análisis acústico de espacios arquitectónicos ha sido ampliamente estudiado en los últimos años. Este análisis se ha enfocado desde diferentes puntos de vista, siendo la simulación uno de ellos. En salas de grandes dimensiones y en particular en aquellas que poseen un determinado valor patrimonial, es muy interesante conocer, además de las condiciones acústicas de la situación actual, las que resulten de futuras intervenciones que puedan conllevar un cambio de uso de dicho espacio. Para ello, es necesario disponer de un modelo fiable que permita prever la variación de estas condiciones ya que cualquier intervención tendente a mejorar su acústica es siempre costosa, tanto en presupuesto como en la posible alteración de la arquitectura interior. Por todo ello, la posibilidad de simular el efecto que pueda tener cualquier cambio en cuanto a las características geométricas de la sala o de los materiales que la componen cobra una especial relevancia. En general, los programas de simulación acústica (Odeon, Caat, etc.) trabajan sobre un modelo tridimensional de la sala y aplican unos valores de los coeficientes de absorción de los materiales de revestimiento, que se toman de la bibliografía o directamente de ensayos, cuando el caso lo permite. Como resultado de esta simulación, se obtienen los valores de los parámetros de calidad, tanto temporales como energéticos, siendo el más importante el tiempo de reverberación en función de la frecuencia (para cada octava o tercio de octava). Por otra parte, se realiza una medición "in situ" de estos parámetros cuyos valores suelen presentar diferencias respecto a los simulados. En estas condiciones se ajustan los resultados procedentes de la simulación a los medidos, hasta conseguir un determinado grado de coincidencia entre ellos. En la actualidad, este ajuste se realiza mediante un método iterativo, generalmente basado en la experiencia del operador, que introduce variaciones razonables de los valores de los coeficiente
DESARROLLO DEL DISEÑO CONSTRUCTIVO EN LA ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE. APORTACIONES DE LA ARQUITECTURA TRADICIONAL
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-04-14) Valero Roger, Francisco; Benlloch Marco, Javier; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] The present investigation has as main target to define the bioclimatic strategies responsible for the constructive design in the sustainable architecture, from different constructive solutions coming from the traditional architecture and that survive at the moment. For that reason, a wide and initial study of the traditional architecture has been carried, contemplating its response to the environment in which it has been developed, starting off of three basic parameters: the place, the climate and the predominant material. These always present parameters, have conditioned during centuries the form of building of the Man, as we have being forced to develop different constructive typologies that will allow us to achieve adequate comfort conditions, although they do not correspond with the current ones. Through the study of traditional architecture most of representative constructions are described within each of the climatic zones of the Earth, analyzing what factors have led man to adopt different responses when constructing. Once the study is completed, an identification is need to determine the wide range of constructive solutions that define each one of the bioclimatic strategies of the traditional architecture. From this analysis, it is determined what constructive solutions are currently incorporated into the design of a sustainable architecture, taking into account that we are talking about a combination of concepts and traditional criteria with modern techniques and materials. To conclude, it is important to stress out that this investigation pretends to confirm that we can build in a sustainable way, recognising and valuing the work and the experience accumulated during centuries by the Humanity, it does not seem until now that we have taken into account its contributions. Although we have always been able to count on them, yet they are not included in the approach of most of the current projects.
El diagnóstico de las humedades de capilaridad en muros y suelos. Determinación de sus causas y origen mediante una metodología basada en la representación y análisis de curvas isohídricas
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-03-10) Aznar Mollá, Juan Bautista; Benlloch Marco, Javier; Medina Ramón, Francisco Javier; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] This research aims to obtain and design a process which can easily be implemented to bring out the moisture that cannot be observed directly in constructive elements in walls and half-buried ground floor, basement walls, floor screeds, which will help us determine the origin and cause of the pathology of moisture and thus establish the most appropriate intervention that can solve, so it becomes a very valid diagnostic tool. You can even become an element of control processing performed by allowing the treaty monitoring (wall or floor) element.
Efecto de la adición de cal en las propiedades mecánicas y durabilidad de hormigones con altos contenidos en cenizas volantes silíceas
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-01-07) Calabuig Pastor, Rafael; Benlloch Marco, Javier; Valcuende Payá, Manuel Octavio; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] One binder with less "carbon footprint" is investigated, by replacing 50% of cement Portland (CP) siliceous fly ash (CV), adding hydrated lime (CL) being the CL/CV=0.20 ratio (in some CL/CV will be 0.10). In previous work, in which these authors, (Calabuig and Lorca, 2009, Lorca et al, 2014) are involved, the advantages of CP ternary systems studied were CV:CL with good results. This research aims to go a step further to improve these systems. For this purpose, the CV joint grinding and CL "(CV:CL)m" increasing fineness and improving homogeneity and reactivity of both components. This thesis comprises research into the physical behavior and/or hydrated lime pozzolan in simple systems and binary CP:CP:CV. It also studies the compressive strength of binder varying the ratio water/binder (w/b) the type of binder, contrasting the results with respect to the binder CP:(CV:CL)m. These binary systems CP/CV=1 ratio and CL/CV=0.20 ratio. A study of durability of microconcretes is relative w/b=0.5, contrasting the performance of CP and CP:CV systems CP:CV regarding (CV:CL)m. The tests consist mainly on the durability of concrete against sulfate, and reinforcement against corrosion. To monitor the degree of corrosion of steel reinforcements techniques electrochemical were applied, measuring the polarization resistance of specimens cured in water (reference) and exposed to corrosion by chlorides and chloride-sulfate, monitoring at the same time resistivity of concrete specimens, as these results are crucial to understand the spreading of the chlorides. An interesting application of the binder CP:CV:CL may be as a component of self compacting concrete based on the properties of cohesion and viscosity providing hydrated lime to fresh concrete. The results of this thesis show that in simple CP systems in the absence of other fine, hydrated lime acts as an inert fine, fine limestone similar manner, improving the mechanical strength of short-term system. In these systems, when saturated of fines (fine limestone or fly ash), CL adding apparently no effect on the mechanical strength. In binary systems CP:CV (CP/CV=1), the addition of CL has always improved mechanical strength at all ages. Being equal, the binder CP:(CV:CL)m (binder varying w/b) clearly improves the mechanical strength of CP systems: CP and CV:CV:CL to all ages studied. Also, in the long-term (one year) this binder exceeds the compressive strength binder made only with CP. The binder CP:(CV:CL) m, improves the durability of CP systems. Regarding the reinforcement against corrosion, when the lime content was CL/CV=0.2, CP has similar behavior, improving only when the attack of chlorides and offering greater resistance to Cl- ion penetration for the studied ages. Moreover, regarding the concrete carbonation CP:(CV:CL)m improves systems CP:CV, expert systems being a little worse than only with CP. One thermogravimetric analysis is performed to verify the presence of Ca(OH)2. The results of this test to 360 days show a very low content of Ca(OH)2, when the binder was CP:CV (CP/CV=1). This system can be considered practically self-neutralization, which did not happen in addition CL systems. Under laboratory conditions, more severe than natural conditions, we can say that this binder has excellent performance and can compete very well, if not with a CEM I 52 R itself, with other cements with the additions listed in RC-08. It is true that these binders containing CV require longer curing periods.
Las ermitas del Desierto de Las Palmas. Historia y Actualidad de una idea
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-03-21) Husillos Tamarit, Ignacio; Angulo Ibáñez, Quiteria; Sellés Cantos, Pascual; Dpto. de Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] This work tries to clarify the data and documents that deal with the Desert of The Palms and its hermitages. The initial approach is based on the merger of the historic, the architectural and the spiritual, to carry the reader through a common thread of what was, symbolically, and how it materialized in architecture and its environment. It should be noted that the work does not try to make a constructive and graphic description of what were the hermitages, but is a mere description of the construction, to understand the symbolism of space itself. This is part of the existing literature, documentary research and, above all, called «anonymous manuscript 1778», which is a description of the Desert of The Palms. Significant data that have been erroneously documented by other authors, as well as deepen the analysis of all the elements of the set of the desert will clarify. The contribution of this thesis consists, first, in the differentiation of two times historic place, one in the old framework (17th to 19th centuries) and the other in the new framework (19th to 21th centuries). This will merge the texts of two frames, for a bigger and better understanding of the place; and, like nexus, spirituality. This line refers the Desert of The Palms in key of paradise, justifying it with other Carmelite Deserts around the world and appearing so characteristic symbolism as the Carmelite Laura. Second are the different types of the hermitages and other related buildings to them in the Desert of The Palms, distinguishing between the set as the union of the parties and individual parties as essential elements of the set. Thus focuses attention on two aspects: the first is the documentary, based principally in the mentioned anonymous manuscript, which suggest his authorship (based on archival research and transcription of unpublished documents); and the second aspect is the bibliographic, extracting the texts presenting the whole of the hermitages. Reading through a heritage catalogue makes it easier to understand the materialization of the hermitages and other constructions in an individualized manner. Part of the old text and part of the current description is summarized in the tabs. Tops is working with an unpublished analysis of the spiritual values of the hermitage, creating a fruitful dialogue between architecture and spirituality.
Estudio experimental de la adherencia entre laminados de GFRP y el hormigón
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-12-16) Albiol Ibáñez, José Ramón; Martí Vargas, José Rocío; Serna Ros, Pedro; Dpto. de Ingeniería de la Construcción y de Proyectos de Ingeniería Civil; Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos; Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón; Centro de Investigación de Tecnología de la Edificación
[EN] At present, hybrid structures in flexural elements are being gradually incorporated in the field of civil and building structures. The low weight and high durability of these structures make use viable. Hybrid structures are usually composed of polymeric materials reinforced with glass or carbon fibers (GFRP or CFRP) in structural shapes of any type of section, in I, in box, trough-shaped, as elements working in tension, and the concrete in the compressed head of the resistant section. Due to this, the union of these materials and their excellent qualities allow for optimizing their mechanical performance in these positions. The failure modes of these structures have different opinions (points of view) among researchers. Therefore, this thesis focuses first of all on the possibility of designing a beam with ductile failure mode that moves the break to the compressed head by fiber reinforced concrete(Appendix I). It is found in this study that it is not possible to analyze this option because after "shielding" all possible failure modes of the structure the break occurs by the grazing effort between GFRP and concrete , without checking the influence of HRF. For this reason, the study is redirected and focused on the bond between GFRP and concrete by analyzing the influence of a series of surface treatments applied to the GFRP profile and the use of mechanical fasteners. To do this without losing sight of applications in civil engineering and construction, and after analyzing the scientific information available, given that there are no standard tests of this type of hybrid beams trials, the need to provide a simple testing methodology arises to enable the study of this phenomenon. That is why the adaptation of the pull-out test, usually for bars, is presented for rectandular section profiles. The complexity of this adaptation is solved by providing a number of modalities to the approach depending on the degree of confinement of the concrete over GFRP profile and the possibility of applying torque to the prestressed bolts, finally generating patterns 2C, 1CA, 1CE and 1CL. These patterns in turn are represented in the forms of connecting profiles with "in situ" concrete: flange profile embedded in the compression layer, or the top of the flange profile in contact with the compression layer. In the modality 2C, the concrete is passively confining all faces of the GFRP profile; in the form 1CA, the concrete confines the two main faces of elements but one of them does not have surface treatment; in the form 1CE, one side of the profile is confined with surface treatment and the other one is not in contact with the concrete; and finally, in 1CL one side is in contact with the concrete and the other one is liberated from this to access profile and give torque to conduct a post-tensioning of the mechanical fastener, thus achieving an active confinement of concrete over GFRP profile. Once clarified trial methodology, it is proceed to the characterization of the different proposed bond variables like a series of surface treatments such as sandblasting, and textured resins and a combination of both. Also fixed and moveable mechanical fastening elements are used providing them with a torque, sometimes only for fixing the profile GFRP and in other cases to achieve an active confinement of the concrete on the profile. After the results, a proposal for characterizing the bond parameters is made and a variety of behavioral models based on bond stress-slip curves are analyzed, bringing innovations to the scientific community.

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