Tesis. Editorial UPV

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https://riunet7pre.upv.es/handle/10251/35755

Tesis leídas editadas por la Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València de profesores e investigadores de esta comunidad universitaria:

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Probabilistic methods for multi-source and temporal biomedical data quality assessment
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016-04-05) Sáez Silvestre, Carlos; García Gómez, Juan Miguel; Robles Viejo, Monserrat; Dpto. de Física Aplicada; Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial
[EN] Nowadays, biomedical research and decision making depend to a great extent on the data stored in information systems. As a consequence, a lack of data quality (DQ) may lead to suboptimal decisions, or hinder the derived research processes and outcomes. This thesis aims to the research and development of methods for assessing two DQ problems of special importance in Big Data and large-scale repositories, based on multi-institutional, cross-border infrastructures, and acquired during long periods of time: the variability of data probability distributions (PDFs) among different data sources-multi-source variability-and the variability of data PDFs over time-temporal variability. Variability in PDFs may be caused by differences in data acquisition methods, protocols or health care policies; systematic or random errors during data input and management; demographic differences in populations; or even falsified data. To date, these issues have received little attention as DQ problems nor count with adequate assessment methods. The developed methods aim to measure, detect and characterize variability dealing with multi-type, multivariate, multi-modal data, and not affected by large sample sizes. To this end, we defined an Information Theory and Geometry probabilistic framework based on the inference of non-parametric statistical manifolds from the normalized distances of PDFs among data sources and over time. Based on this, a number of contributions have been generated. For the multi-source variability assessment we have designed two metrics: the Global Probabilistic Deviation, which measures the degree of global variability among the PDFs of multiple sources-equivalent to the standard deviation among PDFs; and the Source Probabilistic Outlyingness, which measures the dissimilarity of the PDF of a single data source to a global latent average. They are based on the construction of a simplex geometrical figure (the maximum-dimensional statistical manifold) using the distances among sources, and complemented by the Multi-Source Variability plot, an exploratory visualization of that simplex which permits detecting grouping patterns among sources. The temporal variability method provides two main tools: the Information Geometric Temporal plot, an exploratory visualization of the temporal evolution of PDFs based on the projection of the statistical manifold from temporal batches; and the PDF Statistical Process Control, a monitoring and automatic change detection algorithm for PDFs. The methods have been applied to repositories in real case studies, including the Public Health Mortality and Cancer Registries of the Region of Valencia, Spain; the UCI Heart Disease; the United States NHDS; and Spanish Breast Cancer and an In-Vitro Fertilization datasets. The methods permitted discovering several findings such as partitions of the repositories in probabilistically separated temporal subgroups, punctual temporal anomalies due to anomalous data, and outlying and clustered data sources due to differences in populations or in practices. A software toolbox including the methods and the automated generation of DQ reports was developed. Finally, we defined the theoretical basis of a biomedical DQ evaluation framework, which have been used in the construction of quality assured infant feeding repositories, in the contextualization of data for their reuse in Clinical Decision Support Systems using an HL7-CDA wrapper; and in an on-line service for the DQ evaluation and rating of biomedical data repositories. The results of this thesis have been published in eight scientific contributions, including top-ranked journals and conferences. One of the journal publications was selected by the IMIA as one of the best of Health Information Systems in 2013. Additionally, the results have contributed to several research projects, and have leaded the way to the industrialization of the developed methods and approaches for the audit and control of biomedical DQ.
Moviments socials i defensa del patrimoni a la ciutat de València: el cas dels salvem
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2006-07-11) González Collantes, Carla
Les grans ciutats, i en especial aquelles que compten amb la presència d’universitats, constitueixen un important feu per al naixement de moviments socials. València, com a gran ciutat i com a ciutat universitària, és un lloc propici per a l’aparició i expansió de moviments socials: ecologistes; pacifistes; feministes; d’alliberament lèsbic, gai, transsexual i bisexual; okupes; estudiantils, etc. Dins d’aquests destaca especialment el moviment ciutadà, que s’hi troba ben arrelat i representat per un nombre abundant de grups. És, precisament, en aquest compendi d’organitzacions, on se situa l’objecte de mira d’aquesta tesi. És a dir, en termes generals, la present tesi versa sobre els moviments socials. Tanmateix, l’abast de la investigació ha estat reduït, per permetre centrar-se en l’anàlisi empírica d’uns grups, un període i una ciutat concreta: els anomenats “Salvem” que aparegueren des de 1995 ençà a la ciutat de València: Salvem el Botànic-Recuperem Ciutat; Salvem el CabanyalCanyamelar; Salvem el Pouet; Defensem La Punta, Salvem l’Horta; Salvem l’Horta de Benimaclet; Salvem l’Alqueria del Barbut; Salvem Russafa, Defensem un Barri Històric, etc.
Estudio del encapsulado de sensores de fibra óptica para la medida de muy altas temperaturas y de pautas para su aplicación en la monitorización de túneles sometidos a fuego
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-09-01) Rinaudo, Paula; Calderón García, Pedro Antonio; Payá Zaforteza, Ignacio Javier; Dpto. de Ingeniería de la Construcción y de Proyectos de Ingeniería Civil; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos; Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón
[EN] Disasters such as the fires in the Tauern tunnel (2000), St. Gotthard tunnel (2001) and Wuxi Lihu (2010) show the importance and the necessity of monitoring structures vulnerable to fire. Through this strategy, the assessment of fire damaged structures would be possible and if necessary, the demolition operation would be guided. In those cases is vital to detect the fire in an early stage and to have available the temperature profile history, which means the exposition time and maximum temperatures as a function of time, in order to be able to evaluate the structural damage and reduce the time that the tunnel is closed and the economic losses associated with this time. The success of a monitoring strategy depends mainly of two aspects. On one hand, it is vital to have sensors systems that are able to resist the harsh conditions that are presents in a fire and at the same time they should be reliable, easy to install and cheap. On the other hand, it is necessary to develop monitoring strategies to design sensors network, data management and to facilitate the decision making process. Within this general context, this PhD. Thesis: 1. Develop fiber optic sensors to measure high temperatures on structures vulnerable to fire. The behavior and properties of the sensors are evaluated through experimental test, using both electrical and fire test furnaces. 2. Establishment of monitoring guidelines for tunnel under fire loads to design a sensor network including the number, type and positions of sensors to install. The development of the sensors has a strong experimental component, in which the different packaging and the properties of the resulting sensors are studied. The behavior of the sensors under harsh environments and under high temperatures are tested on fire test where the sensors were subjected to direct flames and temperature increments of the order of 200oC/min, similar to those in a real fire. Instead, the development of the monitoring guidelines is based on the results obtained from computational fluid dynamics models in which the temperatures reached along the tunnel in several fire scenarios are calculated. Furthermore, the development of the monitoring guidelines makes use of statistics and comparison techniques to define the optimal solutions of multi objective sensor network design problem.
NUEVOS SISTEMAS RADIANTES REALIZADOS CON TECNOLOGÍAS IMPRESAS
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-09-01) Navarro Méndez, Diana Verónica; Baquero Escudero, Mariano; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación; Dpto. de Comunicaciones; Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia
[EN] Nowadays, due to the fast development of wireless communication systems, the need to have radiating elements has arisen. These elements allow an efficient radiation of electromagnetic waves that transmit the information among the different points of the system. Owing to this growing demand and based on certain requirements, several prototype antennas fabricated with planar technologies such as PCB "Printed Circuit Board" and LTCC "Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic" are presented in this thesis. Every proposed prototype is presented as a solution for a project which requires an antenna with specific characteristics. Based on the requested specifications such as working frequency, bandwidth, polarization type, size and shape, the most appropriate design alternatives were selected. For satellite communications at 5.8 GHz, two types of antennas with circular polarization are proposed. The former is a square patch with a diagonal slot, the latter is a polarization reconfigurable antenna fabricated with LTCC technology. For the operation in Ku band at 17 GHz, slot arrays with substrate integrated waveguide technology were proposed, whereas for vehicular applications, monopole antennas were the better solution due to the restrictions in the form and space available for assembly. In addition, due to the growing interest in the applications operating at no licensed frequency bands, patch antenna arrays conformed in a cylindrical shape to operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, were designed. These arrays will be placed in UAVs. Each proposed design meets with the required specifications for the different projects such as: appropriate matching levels, radiation patterns according to the application, specific dimensions and material type
Desarrollo de la técnica de lengua electrónica voltamétrica para la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante total de extractos de plantas y frutas peruanas
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015-09-01) BALDEON CHAMORRO, EDWIN; Barat Baviera, José Manuel; Grau Meló, Raúl; Dpto. de Tecnología de Alimentos; Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos (FoodUPV); Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Alimentaria
[EN] In recent years, have increased interest by studying plants species and fruit with nutritional and medicinal properties. The Andean and Amazonian region of Peru is where there are many sources of natural antioxidants. Several methods for the determination of antioxidant compounds including chromatographic or spectrophotometric and other techniques. Although these techniques have disadvantages. Also many analyzes focus in identifying of the compounds generated this capacity and not on the resulting ability. In recent times, it has been proposed the development of electronic sensors called language as a tool to determine the antioxidant activity of plants and fruits. In this thesis has set itself the objective of developing the electronic tongue voltammetric technique for the determination of the total antioxidant activity of plants extracts green tea, aliso, chincilcoma, pachasalvia and inca muña and camu camu and fruits tumbo, goldenberry and kiwifruit. For this purpose has been used a device developed at the University Politecnica Valencia based on pulse voltammetry using as electrodes of noble metal work (Ir, Rh, Pt and Au) and base metals (Ag, Co, Cu and Ni ), applying a pattern of generic pulses between -850 and 950 mV with a pulse width of 20 ms. The results have been able to generate mathematical models predictive of antioxidant activity expressed as Trolox equivalents, of all tested plants. However only have been able generate models for the prediction of fruits camu camu and tumbo is expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents.

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