Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio
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Merle Farinós
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Hugo Basilio
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- PublicationAgronomic treatments to avoid seed presence in `Nadorcott¿ mandarin I. Effect on in vivo pollen tube growth(Elsevier, 2022-02-27) Garmendia Salvador, Alfonso; García Breijo, Francisco José; Reig, J.; Raigón Jiménez, Mª Dolores; Beltrán, R.; Zornoza, C.; Cebrián, N.; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Dpto. de Química; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Universitat Politècnica de València; ASOC CLUB VARIEDADES VEGETALES PROTEGIDAS[EN] Fresh market demands high quality fruit and, therefore, citrus growers and researchers are constantly looking for solutions to avoid seed presence. Current horticultural techniques have low effectiveness or high cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the inhibition effect of seven products on the in vivo pollen tube growth in Nadorcott mandarin, which is a high-value seedy variety. To achieve this main objective, three inorganic fer tilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sulfur), and four saccharides (saccharose, methyl cellulose, cal lose, chitosan) were applied to Nadorcott stigmas 24 h before and after hand pollination. Pollen tubes were counted 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment in longitudinal blue violet autofluorescence-stained sections. Of the seven evaluated products, only sulfur had a strong inhibitory effect. Elemental sulfur (S 8 ) inhibited pollen tube growth by 94-100%. This strong effect was observed regardless of sulfur being applied 24 h before or after pollination, and on fixed flowers 1, 3 or 5 days after applications. Saccharose treatment seemed to have the opposite effect: stimulated pollen tube growth, but the difference with the positive control was small and non- significant. The sulfur effect could be useful for designing agronomic applications capable of preventing seed presence in Nadorcott mandarin.
- PublicationEffects of nettle slurry (Urtica dioica L.) used as foliar fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and plant growth(PeerJ, 2018) Garmendia Salvador, Alfonso; Raigón Jiménez, Mª Dolores; Marques, Olmo; Ferriol Molina, María; Royo, Jorge; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Dpto. de Química; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural[EN] Organic agriculture is becoming increasingly important, and many natural products are now available for organic farmers to manage and improve their crops. Several ethnobotanical studies have indicated that the use of nettle slurry as fertilizer in organic farming for horticultural crops is spreading. Sometimes, however, the consequences of using these natural products have been poorly evaluated, and there is very little scientific evidence for the effects of using these slurries. In this study, we aimed to analyze the possible effect of nettle slurry on potato yields produced by organic farming. To achieve this main objective, we assessed the effect of nettle slurry on potato yields, plant size and growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and the presence of pests and diseases. Different slurry doses were assessed in 36 plots and nine variables were measured during the crop cycle. Under these field experimental conditions, nettle slurry (including one treatment with Urtica in combination with Equisetum) had no significant effects on yield, chlorophyll content, or the presence of pests and diseases in organic potato crops. The highest chlorophyll content was found in the double dose treatment, but the difference was not significant. This result, together with a small improvement in plant height with the double dose treatment, might indicate very slight crop enhancement which, under our experimental conditions, was not enough to improve yield. The Urtica and Equisetum slurry chemical analyses showed very low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
- PublicationAgronomic treatments to avoid presence of seeds in Nadorcott mandarin II. Effect on seed number per fruit and yield(Public Library of Science, 2022-12-09) Garmendia Salvador, Alfonso; Raigón Jiménez, Mª Dolores; García Breijo, Francisco José; Reig, José; Beltrán Martínez, Roberto; Zornoza, Carlos; Cebrián, Nuria; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Dpto. de Química; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Universitat Politècnica de València; ASOC CLUB VARIEDADES VEGETALES PROTEGIDAS[EN] Nadorcott is a well-established and appreciated mandarin by the fresh market. However, it produces seeds due to cross-pollination with other compatible varieties, which is quite frequent in most producing countries. Consumers prefer seedless mandarins and, therefore, citrus growers need techniques to avoid seeds forming. This study aims to evaluate the effect of six treatments (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sulfur, saccharose, methylcellulose, callose) on seed number per fruit when applied to Nadorcott trees. In this way, we evaluate which of them is more efficient and can be used in the future as an agronomic treatment to avoid seeds in mandarins. The effect of treatments on yield and fruit quality is also reported. To fulfill this main objective, a randomized complete block design experiment with three applications at flowering was performed on trees. Of the six tested treatments, only elemental sulfur was able to significantly reduce seed number by 87% compared to the positive control. This is a very novel result because it is the first time that such an effective treatment has been found. The biggest seed number per fruit was obtained for the saccharose treatment. Treatments did not significantly influence yield or fruit quality. These results are entirely consistent with a previous study that evaluated the effect of the same products on pollen tube growth, and they can help to develop new techniques. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to test, for example, different treatment doses.
- PublicationForced Flowering in Mandarin Trees Under Phytotron Conditions(Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2019-03-06) Garmendia Salvador, Alfonso; Beltrán Martínez, Roberto; Zornoza, Carlos; García Breijo, Francisco José; Reig, José; Raigón Jiménez, Mª Dolores; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Dpto. de Química; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Universitat Politècnica de València; Compañía de Variedades Vegetales Protegidas A.I.E[EN] Phytotron has been widely used to assess the effect of numerous parameters on the development of many species. However, less information is available on how to achieve fast profuse flowering in young fruit trees with this plant growth chamber. This study aimed to outline the design and performance of a fast clear methodology to force flowering in young mandarin trees (cv. Nova and cv. Clemenules) and to analyze the influence of induction intensity on inflorescence type. The combination of a short water stress period with simulated spring conditions (day 13 h, 22 °C, night 11 h, 12 °C) in the phytotron allowed flowers to be obtained only after 68-72 days from the time the experiment began. Low-temperature requirements were adequately replaced with water stress. Floral response was proportional to water stress (measured as the number of fallen leaves): the greater the induction, the larger the quantity of flowers. Floral induction intensity also influenced inflorescence type and dates for flowering. Details on artificial lighting (lumens), photoperiod, temperatures, plant size and age, induction strategy and days for each stage are provided. Obtaining flowers from fruit trees at any time, and also several times a year, can have many advantages for researchers. With the methodology proposed herein, three, or even four, flowering periods can be forced each year, and researchers should be able to decide when, and they will know, the duration of the entire process. The methodology can be useful for: flower production and in vitro pollen germination assays; experiments with pests that affect early fruit development stages; studies on fruit physiological alterations. All this can help plant breeders to shorten times to obtain male and female gametes to perform forced-crosses.