Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio
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Merle Farinós
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Hugo Basilio
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- PublicationA rare case of a natural contact zone in Morocco between an autopolyploid and an allopolyploid of Centaurea aspera with sterile tetraploid hybrids(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-05) Garmendia, Alfonso; Ferriol Molina, María; Juarez, J.; Zajac, A.; Kaluzny, K.; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio NaturalA new contact zone between Centaurea aspera and Centaurea seridis was found in Morocco. Chromosome counts and flow cytometry showed that both taxa were tetra- ploid (4 x = 44). A literature review and morphometric analysis established that C. aspera corresponds to the autopolyploid C. aspera subsp. gentilii and C. seridis corresponds to the allopolyploid C. seridis var. auriculata. This contact area was compared with the homologous contact zones in Spain formed by the diploid C. aspera subsp. stenophylla and the tetraploid C. seridis subsp. maritima. Natural hybrids between parental species were frequent in both areas. In Spain, hybrids were triploid (from reduced gametes A and gamete AB), highly sterile and exerted a triploid block . In Morocco, cytometry showed that hybrids were tetraploid and, therefore, probably fertile, but all the capitula lacked achenes. It is likely that the resulting genome of the new tetraploid hybrid (AAAB), through the fusion of reduced gametes AA (from subsp. gentilii) and AB (from var. auriculata), could explain irregularities in meiosis through formation of aneuploid gametes and, therefore, infertility of the hybrid. Moroccan sterile tetraploid hybrids develop, but have the identical irregularities to Spanish triploids, probably due to the odd number of homologous chromosomes. The new hybrid is first described as C. x subdecurrens nothosubsp. paucispinus. In addition, distribution and ecological traits are analysed
- PublicationMicrosatellite evidence for low genetic diversity and reproductive isolation in tetraploid Centaurea seridis (Asteraceae) coexisting with diploid Centaurea aspera and triploid hybrids in contact zones(Linnean Society of London, 2014-09) Ferriol Molina, María; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Garmendia Salvador, Alfonso; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Universitat Politècnica de València; Generalitat ValencianaSurvival of polyploids in nature depends on several factors, including competition from diploid relatives and increased genetic diversity. Unlike other reported Centaurea polyploid complexes, diploid Centaurea aspera and tetraploid Centaurea seridis coexist in hybrid zones with frequent triploid individuals. The polyploid origin of C. seridis, the genetic diversity and population structure of the three cytotypes, and the degree of genetic differentiation among them were analyzed in seven mixed-ploidy zones, involving different subspecies and ecological conditions. Ploidy was determined by flow cytometry. Microsatellite data suggested an allopolyploid origin of C. seridis. In the contact zones, diploids and tetraploids were genetically differentiated. When compared with the related C. aspera, a low genetic diversity was observed in C. seridis, which is uncommon in tetraploids. Furthermore, although diploid individuals were grouped in a single widespread genetic cluster, tetraploids were grouped in two highly differentiated clusters and showed significant isolation by distance. This genetic pattern in C. seridis may be related to a minimal gene flow with diploid relatives and/or other genetic factors, such as rare polyploidization events, founder effects or an increased selfing rate. Neither taxonomic assignment at subspecies level, nor ecological conditions could explain the genetic differentiation between tetraploid clusters.
- PublicationIntra- and Inter-Specific Crosses among Centaurea aspera L. (Asteraceae) Polyploid Relatives-Influences on Distribution and Polyploid Establishment(MDPI, 2020-09) Garmendia Salvador, Alfonso; Ferriol Molina, María; Benavente, David; Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo; Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio; Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; GENERALITAT VALENCIANA[EN] How polyploids become established is a long-debated question, especially for autopolyploids that seem to have no evolutionary advantage over their progenitors. The Centaurea aspera polyploid complex includes diploid C. aspera and two related tetraploids C. seridis and C. gentilii. Our purpose was to study the mating system among these three taxa and to analyze its influence on polyploid establishment. The distribution and ploidy level of the Moroccan populations, and forced intra- and inter-specific crosses were assessed. Allotetraploid C. seridis produced more cypselae per capitulum in the intra-specific crosses. It is a bigger plant and autogamous, and previous studies indicated that selfing forces the asymmetric formation of sterile hybrids. All these characteristics help C. seridis to avoid the minority-cytotype-exclusion effect and become established. Inter-specific hybridization was possible between C. aspera and C. gentilii, and with the symmetric formation of hybrids. However, 49% of the hybrid cypselae were empty, which probably reveals postzygotic barriers. Autotetraploid C. gentilii produced the same number of cypselae per capitulum as those of the diploid parental, has an indistinguishable field phenotype, is allogamous, and symmetrically produces hybrids. Therefore, C. gentilii does not seem to have the same competitive advantages as those of C. seridis.