Merle Farinós, Hugo Basilio
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Evaluación de la competencia transversal “Responsabilidad ética, medioambiental y profesional” a través de una e-rúbrica en el laboratorio
[ES] El proceso de convergencia hacia el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior ha puesto de relieve la importancia del dominio de competencias transversales (CTs) durante la formación universitaria. Dichas competencias confieren al estudiante la capacidad de innovación y de adaptación a los cambios, siendo su adquisición necesaria para la vida profesional. En la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, se han redactado 13 CTs que aúnan las competencias de la normativa vigente y las de las agencias de acreditación. En nuestro grupo de innovación educativa estudiamos diferentes métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y evaluación de las competencias transversales en asignaturas relacionadas con las ciencias de la vida. En concreto, en este trabajo presentamos una propuesta para evaluar la CT “Responsabilidad ética, medioambiental y profesional”. Esta competencia pretende la obtención de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas y actitudes útiles para interactuar con el entorno, de forma ética, responsable y sostenible, ante uno mismo y los demás. Las asignaturas relacionadas con las ciencias de la vida y, en particular, sus créditos de laboratorio, resultan un marco idóneo para la adquisición de dicha competencia. Nuestra propuesta de evaluación de la misma se basa en una rúbrica que ha de ser cumplimentada por los pares a través de una aplicación telemática.
Allogamy-Autogamy Switch Enhance Assortative Mating in the Allotetraploid Centaurea seridis L. Coexisting with the Diploid Centaurea aspera L. and Triggers the Asymmetrical Formation of Triploid Hybrids
[EN] Hybridization between tetraploids and its related diploids is generally unsuccessful in Centaurea, hence natural formation of triploid hybrids is rare. In contrast, the diploid Centaurea aspera and the allotetraploid C. seridis coexist in several contact zones where a high frequency of triploid hybrids is found. We analyzed the floral biology of the three taxa to identify reproductive isolation mechanisms that allow their coexistence. Flowering phenology was recorded, and controlled pollinations within and between the three taxa were performed in the field. Ploidy level and germination of progeny were also assessed. There was a 50% flowering overlap which indicated a phenological shift. Diploids were strictly allogamous and did not display mentor effects, while tetraploids were found to be highly autogamous. This breakdown of self-incompatibility by polyploids is first described in Centaurea. The asymmetrical formation of the hybrid was also found: all the triploid intact cypselae came from the diploid mothers pollinated by the pollen of tetraploids. Pollen and eggs from triploids were totally sterile, acting as a strong triploid block. These prezygotic isolation mechanisms ensured higher assortative mating in tetraploids than in diploids, improving its persistence in the contact zones. However these mechanisms can also be the cause of the low genetic diversity and high genetic structure observed in C. seridis.
Ordenación de inventarios e inventarios promedio. Ejemplo práctico
Se realiza un ejemplo práctico de ordenación de tabla de inventarios fito-sociológicos para el estudio de las comunidades vegetales.
Ultrastructural Evidence Elucidates the Mode of Action of Sulfur in Preventing Pollen Tube Development in Stigma of Citrus cv. Nadorcott and Other Horticultural Species
[EN] Citrus species have a "wet"-type stigma with abundant exudate, and their style contains numerous canals. For successful seed formation, the process includes pollen grain germination on the stigma, pollen tube development and growth through the stigma and style and, ultimately, successful ovule fertilization. However, preventing the fertilization process can be useful for many agronomic and plant-breeding purposes, such as seedless fruits or for developing new varieties. Several studies have recently shown the inhibition effect of sulfur on pollen tube development inside the Nadorcott mandarin stigma and its effective application to obtain seedless mandarins. However, when applied to the stigma, how can sulfur inhibit pollen tube growth? Moreover, does sulfur have the same effect on other species? The main objective of the present study is to clarify the mode of action of sulfur on the ultrastructure of the Nadorcott mandarin stigma and style. To fulfill this goal, untreated flowers and flowers treated with sulfur were pollinated 24 h later. The treated and untreated stigmas were analyzed and compared with several microscopy techniques. The main results showed that sulfur specifically caused an alteration to the outer layer of stigma papillary cells. This marked alteration resulted in papillary cells losing their functionality due to the deterioration and degradation of their cellular structure. Basal papillae, the stigmatic tissue and stylar canals also underwent major alteration. Sulfur also modified the quantity and uniformity distribution of the stigmatic exudate. All these alterations collectively prevented pollen tube development inside the stigma. These effects have been observed in several Citrus species and varieties, and in some other horticultural species, which suggests a generic (non species-specific) action.
Ordenación de inventarios e inventarios promedio
Se aporta la base teórica para realizar una ordenación de inventarios fito-sociológicos
El Inventario Fitosociológico
En este artículo se explica que es un inventario fitosociológico, cómo se realiza el inventario fitosociológico en campo, y cómo se puede trabajar con los inventarios fitosociológicos para realizar estudios de vegetación.
A new combination and change in Rank for a Moroccan hybrid in Centaurea (Asteraceae)
[ES] Se propone una nueva combinación y cambio de rango para el híbrido marroquí descrito como Centaurea ×subdecurrens nothosubsp. paucispina ["paucispinus"] [= C. aspera subsp. gentilii × C. seridis var. auriculata] (Asteraceae).
Gibberellic acid in Citrus spp. flowering and fruiting: A systematic review
[EN] Background In Citrus spp., gibberellic acid (GA) has been proposed to improve different processes related to crop cycle and yield. Accordingly, many studies have been published about how GA affects flowering and fruiting. Nevertheless, some such evidence is contradictory and the use of GA applications by farmers are still confusing and lack the expected results. Purpose This review aims to collate, present, analyze and synthesize the most relevant empirical evidence to answer the following questions: (i) how does gibberellic acid act on flowering and fruiting of citrus trees?; (ii) why is all this knowledge sometimes not correctly used by farmers to solve yield problems relating to flowering and fruit set? Methods An extensive literature search to obtain a large number of records about the topic was done. Searches were done in five databases: WoS, Scopus, Google Academics, PubMed and Scielo. The search string used was "Gibberellic acid" AND "Citrus". Records were classified into 11 groups according to the development process they referred to and initial data extraction was done. Records related with flowering and fruit set were drawn, and full texts were screened. Fifty-eight full text records were selected for the final data extraction. Results Selected studies were published from 1959 to 2017 and were published mainly in Spain, USA, Brazil and Japan. Twelve species were studied, and Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata and C. unshiu were the principal ones. Most publications with pre-flowering treatments agreed that GA decreases flowering, while only 3 out of 18 did not observe any effect. In most of these studies, the effect on fruit set and yield was not evaluated. Studies with treatments at full bloom or some weeks later mostly reported increased fruit set. However, these increases did not imply higher yields. The results on yield were highly erratic as we found increases, decreases, no effects or variable effects. Conclusions Despite some limitations, the action of GA related to cell division and growth, stimulating the sink ability of the organ and discouraging its abscission, has been clearly established through reviewed studies. GA applications before flowering counteract the floral induction caused by stress reducing flowering. However, on adult trees under field conditions, reducing flowering by applying GA would be difficult because it would be necessary to previously estimate the natural floral induction of trees. During flowering and fruit set, many problems may arise that limit production. Only when the problem is lack of fruit set stimulus can GA applications improve yields. However, much evidence suggests that the main factor-limiting yield would be carbohydrate availability rather than GA levels. GA applications increased fruit set (often transiently), but this increase did not mean improved yields.
Study Approaches of Life Science Students Using the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F)
[EN] Students' approaches to learning can vary between students of different ages, genders, years, degrees, or cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to assess the approaches to learning of different students of life science degrees. The Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) has been used to assess the approaches to learning of 505 students of thirteen different subjects of four different degrees at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia in order to study the factors that influence their approaches. Results show a higher deep approach of the students. Differences were observed between subjects and gender, not related to level (bachelor or master) or year. The item reliability analysis showed a high consistency for the main scales, but not for the secondary scales of the R-SPQ-2F questionnaire. High correlation between the deep and surface scales were observed. These data can provide more information to the teachers, which may help them to develop strategies focused on promoting a deeper approach to learning for the students, more adapted to their subject, level, and year.
Capacidad de retención de polvo contaminante de distintas especies de árboles ornamentales en la ciudad de Valencia
[ES] Los árboles ornamentales urbanos mitigan el efecto perjudicial de la contaminación atmosférica a través de distintos mecanismos, como la interceptación directa de partículas contaminantes sobre las hojas, mejorando así la calidad del aire. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar la capacidad de interceptación de polvo atmosférico en las hojas de entre árboles creciendo en calles altamente contaminadas y árboles de parques urbanos, pertenecientes a cuatro especies ampliamente empleadas como árboles ornamentales en la ciudad de Valencia: el braquiquito (Brachychiton populneus), la encina (Quercus ilex subsp. ilex), el olivo (Olea europaea) y el almez (Celtis australis). Para ello, se muestrearon 4 árboles por especie y zona, y se colectaron 25 hojas en cada uno de ellos. Éstas se lavaron, se filtró el agua de lavado y se pesó la materia particulada seca en relación al peso seco de materia vegetal. La capacidad de retención de polvo atmosférico varió significativamente entre especies, siendo la encina la que más captó y el brachichiton, el almez y el olivo las que menos. Los análisis intra-específicos mostraron que únicamente la encina retuvo significativamente más polvo en ambientes contaminados que en aquellos más limpios, debido probablemente a la abundancia de tricomas en el envés foliar y a su carácter perennifolio. Los resultados muestran el potencial descontaminante de esta especie en calles y avenidas con una elevada densidad de tráfico rodado.